22-ICRAD Call 2 - AdapTB.

牛结核病(BTB)是对农业的威胁。它是由属于遗传相似谱系复合体的细菌引起的，该复合体被称为结核分枝杆菌复合体(MTBC)。典型的动物适应物种牛分枝杆菌(Mb)是欧洲和英国BTB的主要病原体，是一种能够感染野生动物水库和人类的多宿主病原体。基于屠宰场监测以及对反应堆牛进行强制性检测和屠宰的根除计划未能根除牛结核病，从而增加了财政、人畜共患病和生态系统风险。宿主对Mb感染的免疫反应存在异质性，这直接影响到受感染牛的传播风险。在最好的情况下，病原体被宿主的先天性免疫系统清除。逃避先天免疫清除和适应性免疫反应的参与会导致肉芽肿，肉芽肿是向前传播的关键因素，也是宿主试图控制病原体复制的机制。在AdapTB中，我们将确定Mb与宿主相互作用以驱动病理并最终传播的潜在机制。

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) represents a threat to the agricultural industry. It is caused by bacteria belonging to a complex of genetically similar lineages known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). The canonical animal-adapted species, Mycobacterium bovis (Mb), is the main causative agent of bTB in Europe and the UK and is a multi-host pathogen capable of infecting wild-life reservoirs and humans. Eradication programs based on abattoir surveillance and mandatory test and slaughter of reactor cattle have failed to eradicate bTB resulting in an increased financial, zoonotic and ecosystem risk. There is a heterogeneity in the hosts immune response to infection with Mb and this directly influences the risk of transmission from infected cattle. In the best-case scenario, the pathogen is cleared by the host innate immune system. Escape from innate immune clearance and the engagement of the adaptive immune response results in a granuloma, a key element in both onward transmission as well as a mechanism by which the host attempts to control pathogen replication. In AdapTB we will identify the underlying mechanisms by which Mb interacts with the host to drive pathology and, ultimately transmission.