DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSLOCATION FUNCTIONS IN THE CYTOPLASM

移动特定细胞内颗粒或小泡的能力或 染色体是细胞最重要的功能之一。它需要 细胞质的结构特征，如微管或中间体 给出运动方向的细丝和能够 收缩提供了动力。这些组件位于 它还有一个额外的优势，那就是 在光学显微镜下，活细胞中的色素颗粒很容易被跟踪。 在使用红团(红色色团)和1 MeV电子的研究中 显微镜下，我们发现颜料是以三维结构支撑的 当颜料聚集时收缩的细丝组成的晶格 并在颜料分散后再次延伸。每个颗粒都有固定的 格子内的位置或地址。只占总数的一部分 红团内的晶格被分化以移动色素； 不随色素移动的部分含有微管，光滑 内质网和线粒体。 这项提案的主要目的之一是确定是否有其他 单元格显示了这种分工，但格子的某些部分被留在一边 特别是移动溶酶体或分泌囊泡和其他部分，如在 有丝分裂，移动有丝分裂纺锤体中的染色体。我们建议使用，在 首先，另一个拥有四种不同色素的生色团 细胞可以相互独立地移动。我们的目标是显而易见的； 它是为了看看每种颜料是否有一个可识别的单独的结构 色素运动的机制以及它是否类似于 红血球。

The capacity to move specific intracellular granules or vesicles or chromosomes is one of the most important functions of cells. It requires structural features of the cytoplasm such as microtubules or intermediate filaments to give the motion direction and a mechanism that is capable of contraction to provide the motive force. These components are found in chromatophores, which have the added advantage that the motion of the pigment granules is easily followed in living cells by light microscopy. In studies using an erythrophore (red chromatophore) and a 1 MeV electron microscope, we have found that the pigment is supported in a 3-dimensional lattice of fine filaments which contracts when the pigment is aggregated and extends again when the pigment is dispersed. Each granule has a fixed position or address within the lattice. Only a portion of the total lattice within the erythrophore is differentiated to move the pigment; the part which does not move with the pigment contains microtubules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. One of the major purposes of this proposal is to determine whether other cells show this division of labor with some parts of the lattice set aside specifically to move lysosomes or secretory vesicles and other parts, as in mitosis, to move chromosomes in the mitotic spindle. We propose to use, at the outset, another chromatophore that possesses four different pigments which the cell can move independently of one another. Our aim is obvious; it is to see if each pigment has a recognizably individual structural mechanism for pigment motion and whether it resembles that in the erythrophore.