DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSLOCATION FUNCTIONS IN THE CYTOPLASM

移动特定的细胞内颗粒或囊泡的能力， 染色体是细胞最重要的功能之一。 它需要 细胞质的结构特征，如微管或中间体 提供运动方向的细丝和能够 收缩以提供动力。 这些组件位于 色素细胞，这有额外的优势，运动的 用光学显微镜很容易跟踪活细胞中的色素颗粒。 在研究中，使用红细胞（红色色素）和1 MeV电子 在显微镜下，我们发现这种色素是以三维的形式存在的。 当颜料聚集时收缩的细丝的网格 并在颜料分散时再次延伸。 每个颗粒都有固定的 在网格中的位置或地址。 只是总数的一部分 红细胞内的晶格被分化以移动色素; 不随色素移动的部分含有微管，光滑 内质网和线粒体。 本提案的主要目的之一是确定其他 细胞显示出这种劳动分工， 特别是移动溶酶体或分泌囊泡和其他部分，如在 有丝分裂，在有丝分裂纺锤体中移动染色体。 我们建议使用，在 一开始，另一个色素细胞拥有四种不同的色素 细胞可以彼此独立地移动。 我们的目标是显而易见的; 是为了观察每种颜料是否具有可识别的独立结构 色素运动的机制，以及它是否类似于 红细胞

The capacity to move specific intracellular granules or vesicles or chromosomes is one of the most important functions of cells. It requires structural features of the cytoplasm such as microtubules or intermediate filaments to give the motion direction and a mechanism that is capable of contraction to provide the motive force. These components are found in chromatophores, which have the added advantage that the motion of the pigment granules is easily followed in living cells by light microscopy. In studies using an erythrophore (red chromatophore) and a 1 MeV electron microscope, we have found that the pigment is supported in a 3-dimensional lattice of fine filaments which contracts when the pigment is aggregated and extends again when the pigment is dispersed. Each granule has a fixed position or address within the lattice. Only a portion of the total lattice within the erythrophore is differentiated to move the pigment; the part which does not move with the pigment contains microtubules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. One of the major purposes of this proposal is to determine whether other cells show this division of labor with some parts of the lattice set aside specifically to move lysosomes or secretory vesicles and other parts, as in mitosis, to move chromosomes in the mitotic spindle. We propose to use, at the outset, another chromatophore that possesses four different pigments which the cell can move independently of one another. Our aim is obvious; it is to see if each pigment has a recognizably individual structural mechanism for pigment motion and whether it resembles that in the erythrophore.