REGULATION OF SEX DIFFERENTIATION IN DROSOPHILA

了解单个细胞在两个细胞之间进行选择的机制 如果正常发育和 它的失败是可以理解的。果蝇的性别分化 Blackogaster提供了一个很好的系统来处理这些问题 有问题。已知的主要诱导信号是组织的分离 遵循可选的路径是通过分离 个人。此外，参与调控这一过程的基因 已经在基因和分子上被识别和分离，并且轮廓 这些基因之间的相互作用已经被确定。多重 这一层级内的监管方面将在 分子水平。转换器(Tra)基因受性别特异性调控。 可供选择的RNA剪接。这一规则和绘图的模型测试 所需部位的研究将在体内和体外进行。 将识别与受调控内含子相互作用的因子并 用于重建特定性别的剪接系统。Tra也参与其中， 在需要变压器-2(tra-2)基因产物的过程中， 双性性RNA的性别特异性替代加工(DSX) 吉恩。Tra蛋白的组织和亚细胞分布将是 确定并与其他蛋白质相互作用，特别是与tra-2， 将会被检查。反式蛋白与双链霉菌RNA的相互作用位点 将会被映射。与之相互作用所必需的反式蛋白的部分 Dsx rna或与其他蛋白质的结合将通过突变和突变来识别。 将在体内和体外测试它们的效果。这些基因 性别确定层次结构的下游函数涉及 性别特定结构的产生和性别特定结构的阐述 行为。它们也代表了可能整合信息的基因 从性别分化等级和从一组基因 控制分段和位置同一性。为了充分了解 性别分化等级的作用机制，并作图 在层次结构的任何其他分支中，关键是确定 这些基因作用的下游靶点。表达的基因，在 多个不同的发展阶段，以特定性别的方式 与世隔绝。这些基因的表达将以以下方面为特征 由性别等级的各种不同元素作为一种 区分剂量补偿、生殖系性别相关基因的方法 决定力、性别分化和生殖行为。这些 基因将根据遗传位置、时间和 表达的空间模式，以及调控机制。

Understanding the mechanism by which individual cells choose between alternative developmental pathways is critical if normal development and its failures are to understood. Sex differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster offers an excellent system in which to approach these problems. The primary inducing signal is known and separation of tissues following alternative pathways is achieved by the separation of individuals. In addition, the genes involved in regulating the process have been identified genetically and isolated molecularly, and the outlines of the interactions between these genes have been determined. Multiple aspects of regulation within this hierarchy will be studied at the molecular level. The transformer (tra) gene is regulated by sex-specific alternative RNA splicing. Tests of models for this regulation and mapping of the necessary sites will be carried out both in vivo and in vitro. Factors which interact with the regulated intron will be identified and used to reconstitute a sex-specific splicing system. tra is also involved, in a process requiring the product of the transformer-2 (tra-2) gene, in the sex-specific alternative processing of RNA from the doublesex (dsx) gene. The tissue and subcellular distribution of the tra protein will be determined and interaction with other proteins, specifically with tra-2, will be examined. Sites of interaction between the tra protein and dsx RNA will be mapped. Parts of the tra protein necessary for interaction with dsx RNA or with other proteins will be identified by mutation and mutations will be tested for their in vivo and in vitro effects. Genes which function downstream of the sex determination hierarchy are involved in the production of sex-specific structures and the elaboration of sex-specific behaviors. They also represent genes which may be integrating information from both the sex differentiation hierarchy and from the set of genes controlling segment and positional identity. In order to fully understand the mechanism of action of the sex differentiation hierarchy, and to map out any additional branches of the hierarchy, it is critical to identify downstream targets for the action of these genes. Genes expressed, at multiple different developmental stages, in a sex-specific manner will be isolated. The expression of these genes will be characterized with regard to their control by various different elements of the sex hierarchy as a way of distinguishing genes involved in dosage compensation, germ line sex determination, sexual differentiation and reproductive behavior. These genes will be characterized with regard to genetic position, temporal and spatial patterns of expression, and mechanism of regulation.