FACTORS AFFECTING SEXUAL MATURATION IN MAMMALS

影响哺乳动物性成熟的因素

• 批准号: 3310927
• 负责人: LEE C DRICKAMER
• 金额: $ 3.98万
• 依托单位: WILLIAMS COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1978
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1978-07-01 至 1986-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3310927
• 关键词: alleles; animal population density; animal population genetics; animal population study; animal puberty; anosmia; circadian rhythms; estrus; female; gene expression; gene frequency; growth /development; lactation; lighting; male; olfactions; pregnancy; socioenvironment; temperature; urine

The proposed research involves social, genetic and environmental factors influencing puberty in mammals. These investigations have significance for and applications to our understanding of development, behavioral biology and animal populations. (1) Menarche in human females is a critical time in the psychosexual development of the individual. Studies of factors affecting puberty in another mammal species can provide information for discerning questions to ask about humans. (2) Mice are resevoirs for and vectors of disease and they are agricultural pests. The proposed research investigates two models of population regulation in rodents via changes in generation time. (3) Increasing evidence that olfactory stimuli affect social behavior in mammals, including man, necessitates experiments on chemosignals, their production and effects on physiology and behavior. (4) The use of social and olfactory stimuli to affect puberty in domestic livestock is, in part, an outgrowth from work on rodents. Proposed experiments will utilize house mice as subjects and first vaginal estrus as a dependent variable indicting puberty. Major aims are to explore further the genetic and social factors which influence puberty, to test two models of population regulation in mice and to examine social and environmental influences upon urinary chemosignal release. Four lines of experimentation are proposed; (a) investigations of genetic influences on puberty via a dialell cross, selection for age of puberty in wild mice and examining differential survival of genotypes under various pre- and post-natal social conditions, (b) experiments on daylength and temperature as environmental influences on the production/release of urinary chemosignals, (c) tests of social influences on puberty; experiments involving circannual rhythms, anosmia and hormones, as they affect the chemosignals which accelerate and delay sexual maturation, and (d) tests of the mechanisms by which these signals affect puberty in young female mice.

拟议的研究涉及社会、遗传和环境因素。 影响哺乳动物的青春期。这些调查对以下方面具有重要意义 并应用于我们对发育、行为生物学的理解 和动物种群。(1)人类女性的月经初潮是关键时期 在个体的性心理发展过程中。影响因素的研究 影响另一种哺乳动物的青春期可以为 关于人类的尖锐问题要问。(2)小鼠是和的代谢物 它们是疾病的传播者，也是农业害虫。拟议的研究 研究了啮齿动物种群调节的两种模式： 世代时间。(3)越来越多的证据表明，嗅觉刺激会影响 哺乳动物的社会行为，包括人类，需要进行实验 化学信号，它们的产生及其对生理和行为的影响。(4) 社会和嗅觉刺激对家庭青春期的影响 家畜在一定程度上是在啮齿动物身上工作的产物。建议 实验将以家鼠为实验对象，以首次阴道发情为实验对象 一个指示青春期的因变量。主要目标是进一步探索 影响青春期的遗传和社会因素，检验两个模型 对老鼠的种群调节进行研究，并检查社会和环境 对尿液化学信号释放的影响。四行实验 建议；(A)调查遗传因素对青春期的影响 双列杂交、野生小白鼠青春期年龄选择及检测 不同生前和产后社会条件下不同基因型的生存差异 条件，(B)以日长和温度作为环境条件的实验 对尿液化学信号产生/释放的影响，(C)测试 社会对青春期的影响；涉及一年一次的节律的实验， 嗅觉障碍和激素，因为它们影响化学信号，从而加速和 延迟性成熟，以及(D)对这些机制的测试 信号会影响年轻雌性小鼠的青春期。