The interacting brain: defining the role of dynamism among canonical brain networks during interactive behaviour

交互大脑：定义交互行为过程中典型大脑网络动态的作用

• 批准号: BB/X017095/1
• 负责人: Daniel Shaw
• 金额: $ 36.34万
• 依托单位: Aston University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX017095%2F1
• 关键词: interacting; brain; defining; role; dynamism

Interacting effectively with others and conducting ourselves appropriately in social contexts is essential for establishing and maintaining meaningful interpersonal relationships and a healthy social environment. Although we do this with apparent ease, social interactions rely upon a broad set of sophisticated mental operations, or "cognitive processes", to be performed in a co-ordinated manner: even a simple fleeting exchange with a stranger requires us to monitor multiple social cues continuously (e.g., their verbal and non-verbal behaviour) in order to infer their motivations, intentions and emotions, and use this information to adapt our own behaviour in a context-appropriate manner. To support social interaction, then, the brain must be capable of recruiting and switching flexibly between the various networks of neural systems that underpin these cognitive processes.Research indicates that a particular set of cognitive processes help to coordinate effective social interaction - those enabling us to adapt flexibly in response to changing situational demands. Referred to collectively as "cognitive control", these foundational cognitive processes are believed to be underpinned by several distinct yet inter-connected core brain networks that integrate in coordinated ways to support adaptive behaviour. In this light, dynamic integrations among these brain networks should support effective social interaction. This project will determine precisely how such dynamism among these core brain networks support interactive behaviour.To identify the brain networks supporting interactive behaviour, it is necessary to measure the brains of individuals while they are engaged in social interactions. To achieve this, the Principal Investigator has developed a novel interactive task for brain imaging studies - the interactive Pattern Game (iPG). This task requires pairs of individuals to either cooperate or compete with one another in re-creating simple visual patterns. To do so, they must continuously infer and adapt to one another's intentions and motivations, thereby capturing some of the defining characteristics of naturalistic social interaction. In two separate yet complementary studies, this project will utilise the iPG to determine how the brain networks underpinning cognitive control integrate dynamically to support interactive behaviour. In the first study, a sample of healthy adults' brains will be measured with a technique capable of identifying with high spatial precision the involvement of brain networks supporting cognitive control processes during interactive behaviour. These brain networks will be localised with three tasks designed to elicit discrete aspects of cognitive control, and their involvement during interactive behaviour will be defined from brain responses measured in individuals engaged in the iPG with another person (the experimenter). Applying to these brain imaging data a combination of analytical techniques developed recently by the Principle Investigator, this study will identify systematic patterns of intergration among the brain networks underpinning cognitive control during social interaction.In the second study, a different brain imaging technique will measure the same sample of individuals' brains while they interact with the experimenter on the iPG - a technique with less spatial precision but more accuracy in capturing the directional flow of brain activity. Having defined the brain networks supporting specific aspects of cognitive control and interactive behaviour in the first study, the second study will reveal the precise way in which these networks communicate with one another (e.g., integrate and segregate) to support social interaction. These studies will define patterns of brain network dynamics that support social interaction, providing a foundation for future research to identify biomarkers for the interpersonal dysfunction characterising many neurological disorders.

与他人有效互动并在社会环境中适当地进行自我互动对于建立和维持有意义的人际关系和健康的社会环境至关重要。尽管我们明显轻松地做到这一点，但社交互动依赖于以协调方式进行的一系列广泛的复杂的心理操作或“认知过程”，即使我们与陌生人进行的简单短暂交流也需要我们的动力和情境，并以自己的动机和情境来抚养他们的动力，并需要持续监控多个社交线索，并需要持续。 方式。为了支持社交互动，大脑必须能够在基于这些认知过程的神经系统的各个网络之间灵活地招募和切换。研究表明，一组特定的认知过程有助于协调有效的社会互动 - 使我们能够灵活地适应改变情境需求的响应。这些基础认知过程被共同称为“认知控制”，被认为是由几个不同但相互连接的核心脑网络的基础，这些核心脑网络以协调的方式积累了自适应行为。从这个角度来看，这些大脑网络之间的动态整合应支持有效的社会互动。该项目将确切地确定这些核心大脑网络之间的这种活力如何支持交互式行为。要确定支持互动行为的大脑网络，有必要在个人参与社交互动的同时衡量他们的大脑。为了实现这一目标，主要研究者已经为大脑成像研究开发了一项新颖的交互式任务 - 交互式模式游戏（IPG）。这项任务要求成对的个人在重新创建简单的视觉模式方面进行合作或互相竞争。为此，他们必须不断推断和适应彼此的意图和动机，从而捕捉自然主义社会互动的一些定义特征。在两项单独但互补的研究中，该项目将利用IPG来确定认知控制的大脑网络如何动态整合以支持互动行为。在第一项研究中，将通过一种能够以高空间精度识别的技术来测量健康成年人的大脑样本，从而在交互行为过程中识别支持认知控制过程的大脑网络的参与。这些大脑网络将通过三个旨在引起认知控制的离散方面的任务进行定位，并且它们在互动行为期间的参与将根据与另一个人在IPG中的个体中测量的大脑反应定义（实验者）。应用这些大脑成像数据是主要研究者最近开发的分析技术的组合，这项研究将确定在社交互动过程中基于认知控制的大脑网络之间的系统相互互动模式。在第二项研究中，一项不同的大脑成像技术将测量与IPG相同的脑部相互作用的大脑样本，而与IPG相同的相互作用，以促进脑部的精确性，并且会在技术方面进行精确的精确性。在第一个研究中定义了支持认知控制和互动行为的特定方面的大脑网络后，第二项研究将揭示这些网络相互通信（例如，集成和隔离）以支持社会互动的确切方式。这些研究将定义支持社会互动的大脑网络动态模式，为将来的研究提供了基础，以识别表征许多神经系统疾病的人际功能障碍的生物标志物。