BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme: Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW) Partner Grant

BBSRC 研究所战略计划：提供可持续小麦 (DSW) 合作伙伴赠款

• 批准号: BB/X020185/1
• 负责人: Elizabete Carmo-Silva
• 金额: $ 90.22万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FX020185%2F1
• 关键词: BBSRC; Institute; Strategic; Programme; Delivering

Delivering Sustainable Wheat (DSW) programme is needed because wheat is an indispensable global staple and the major crop of the UK and Western Europe. Wheat will play a crucial part in feeding a world population of 10B by 2050 but its production is fragile as more than half the world supply is from just five countries. This fragility has been tragically demonstrated by the war in Ukraine, an important wheat exporter. Future increases in wheat production have to be achieved without equivalent growth in fertiliser (nitrogen fertilisers are a major source of greenhouse gasses) and water use (all wheat growing regions suffer ground water decline). While facing these challenges farmers are also confronted with yield limiting effects of climate change and new diseases. Adaptations are needed to achieve sustainable production in the coming decades. Wheat also plays an important role in delivering human nutrition. With further enhancements reductions in human misery and healthcare costs are possible by filling dietary gaps with more nutritious wheat. DSW will form a uniquely coordinated UK contribution n to these challenges with strong linkages to the international wheat community. It is in a strong position to do this because the current wheat programme (DFW) has developed world leading experimental platform for wheat research. Extensive specialist gene discovery populations allow us to sample the majority of natural diversity available and to show which elements of this diversity are useful for breeders in tackling the challenges described. DFW uncovered the genetic code for 1000s of these lines. This means that after locating useful genes DSW can understand their role in molecular networks controlling targeted characteristics. With gene editing the function of these DNA changes will be proved. These tools and resources, accessible because of open and fair data access, are powerful but need to be directed towards the right questions. DSW is focussed on crop characteristics chosen in long term discussion with the widest possible group of wheat experts. It will advance understanding of yield determination to increase productivity without equal rates of increase in fertiliser use, so minimising CO2 emissions. Alternative strategies of wheat development which increases yield with minimal sensitivity to temperature will be uncovered. DSW will even investigate how wheat can be a CO2 sink and achieve Net Zero status, for example by deep rooting and assess these new characteristics in farming systems that reflect changes in agriculture, such as the move from ploughing to reduced cultivation practices. This research depends on a deep understanding of the dynamic process of photosynthesis. DSW will identify new disease resistances for existing disease threats and play its part in predicting new threats. Long term solutions for sustainable disease resistance will be found and incorporated into sustainable integrated pest management programmes. The goal to increase nutritional benefits of wheat will focus on Iron, Zinc, Calcium and fibre. For the first time, the wheat programme will conduct human intervention trials to provide direct evidence for the physiological benefits of nutritionally improved wheat. At the heart of the programme, open and fair data access will ensure that DSW delivers. Again, DSW has set up the platform that this excellent research can be translated into progress for plant breeders. DSW invests in pre-breeding so that the new genes, knowledge and new types of wheat feed into breeding. This highly integrated cross disciplinary programme could not be achieved by any one institution. DSW brings together the complementary skills of four research Institutes (John Innes Centre, Rothamsted, Quadram Institute, and Earlham) and five universities (Leeds, Nottingham, Lancaster, Bristol, and Imperial College) and the National Institute of Agricultural Botany.

需要提供可持续的小麦（DSW）计划，因为小麦是必不可少的全球主食，也是英国和西欧的主要作物。到2050年，小麦将在喂养世界10B的世界人口中起着至关重要的作用，但其产量脆弱，因为超过一半的世界供应来自五个国家。这一脆弱性被乌克兰的战争（一个重要的小麦出口商）悲惨地证明了。如果没有肥料的同等繁殖（氮肥是温室气体的主要来源）和用水量（所有小麦生长的地区均遭受地下水的下降），则必须实现小麦产量的未来增加（氮肥是主要的来源）。在面对这些挑战的同时，农民也面临着气候变化和新疾病的产量限制影响。需要适应以在未来几十年中实现可持续产量。小麦在提供人类营养方面也起着重要作用。通过填补更多营养小麦的饮食差距，可以进一步降低人类苦难和医疗保健成本。 DSW将对与国际小麦社区有着紧密联系的这些挑战的独特协调贡献。这样做是一个强大的位置，因为当前的小麦计划（DFW）开发了世界领先的小麦研究实验平台。广泛的专家基因发现人群使我们能够对可用的大多数自然多样性进行采样，并证明这种多样性的哪些因素对育种者在应对所描述的挑战方面有用。 DFW发现了1000种这些线的遗传密码。这意味着，在找到有用的基因后，DSW可以理解其在控制目标特征的分子网络中的作用。通过基因编辑，将证明这些DNA变化的功能。这些工具和资源由于开放和公平的数据访问而访问，具有强大的功能，但需要针对正确的问题。 DSW的重点是与最广泛的小麦专家组长期讨论中选择的作物特征。它将提高对收益率决心的理解，以提高生产率，而无需同等的肥料使用率增加，从而最大程度地减少了二氧化碳排放量。将发现小麦发育的替代策略随着对温度的最小敏感性而增加产量的替代策略。 DSW甚至将研究小麦如何成为二氧化碳下水道并达到净零状态，例如，在反映农业变化的农业系统中进行深层生根和评估这些新特征，例如从耕作到减少耕种实践的转变。这项研究取决于对光合作用的动态过程的深刻理解。 DSW将确定现有疾病威胁的新疾病抗性，并在预测新威胁中发挥作用。将找到可持续疾病抵抗的长期解决方案，并将其纳入可持续的综合害虫管理计划中。提高小麦营养益处的目标将集中在铁，锌，钙和纤维上。小麦计划将首次进行人工干预试验，以提供营养改善小麦的生理益处的直接证据。该计划的核心，开放和公平的数据访问将确保DSW提供。同样，DSW建立了一个平台，即这项出色的研究可以转化为植物育种者的进步。 DSW投资于繁殖前，以使新的基因，知识和新型小麦饲料饲养为育种。任何一个机构都无法实现这个高度综合的跨学科计划。 DSW汇集了四个研究机构（John Innes Center，Rothamsted，Quadram Institute和Earlham）的互补技能，以及五所大学（利兹，诺丁汉，兰开斯特，布里斯托尔和帝国学院）和国家农业植物学研究所。