GENETIC CONTROL OF MICROTUBULE FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT

这项研究解决的总体问题是， 基因组中以线性形式编码的信息被用来实现 功能性三维细胞亚结构。建议数 研究利用微管的分子和遗传分析 在果蝇身上的功能。微管是无处不在的真核生物 许多细胞过程所需的细胞器，包括细胞 纤毛和鞭毛的分裂、细胞形状的调节和运动。 微管组装的基本单位是α，β微管蛋白 杂二聚体。高等真核生物表达多种微管蛋白亚型， 是在小的多基因家族中编码的不同但相关的蛋白质。 此外，其他统称为微管相关的蛋白质 蛋白质，是特定微管阵列所必需的。因此，每个 基于微管的结构在结构、功能模式、 和组成蛋白的总光谱。这项研究致力于 基因控制的本质，控制细胞如何利用一种 细胞器，微管，形成许多形态和 在功能上不同的结构。 拟议的实验包括遗传、生化和分子。 果蝇β-微管蛋白在发育过程中的功能分析 在成体组织的分化和配子发生中。具体的 目标是：[1]定义β-微管蛋白之间的关系 多微管结构和功能的遗传分析 在雄性生殖系中作为模式系统发挥作用。特定测试版 将构建微管蛋白突变和杂交β微管蛋白基因，并 被引入到基因组中，以检查 特定的β微管蛋白结构域，并检验假设 不同的β-微管蛋白亚型具有限制性或专一性 属性。[2]遗传、分子和发育分析 分化发育调节的β微管蛋白亚型，β3微管蛋白 和β4-微管蛋白，以确定它们在每个细胞中的特定角色 表示它们的类型。

The overall question which this research addresses is how the information encoded in linear form in the genome is utilized to achieve functional three-dimensional cellular substructure. The proposed research utilizes a molecular and genetic analysis of microtubule function in Drosophila. Microtubules are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles required for many cellular processes, including cell division, mediation of cell shape, and motility of cilia and flagella. The basic unit in microtubule assembly is the alpha, beta tubulin heterodimer. Higher eukaryotes express multiple tubulin isoforms which are distinct but related proteins encoded in small multi-gene families. In addition, other proteins, collectively termed microtubule-associated proteins, are required for specific microtubule arrays. Thus, each microtubule-based structure is unique in architecture, mode of function, and total spectrum of constitutent proteins. This research addresses the nature of the genetic controls which govern how cells utilize one organelle, the microtubule, to form many morphologically and functionally distinct structures. The proposed experiments constitute genetic, biochemical, and molecular analysis of the function of Drosophila beta-tubulins during development, in differentiation of adult tissues, and in gametogenesis. The specific goals are: [1]Definition of the relationship between beta-tubulin structure and function using genetic analysis of multiple microtubule functions in the male germ line as a model system. Specific beta tubulin mutations and hybrid beta tubulin genes will be constructed and introduced into the genome in order to examine the function of particular beta tubulin domains and to test the hypothesis that divergent beta-tubulin isoforms have restricted or specialized properties. [2]Genetic, molecular, and developmental analysis of two divergent developmentally-regulated beta tubulin isoforms, beta3-tubulin and beta4-tubulin, to determine their specific roles in each of the cell types in which they are expressed.