GENETIC CONTROL OF MICROTUBULE FUNCTION IN DEVELOPMENT

这项研究解决的总体问题是， 利用基因组中以线性形式编码的信息来实现 功能性三维细胞亚结构。 拟议 研究利用微管的分子和遗传分析， 在果蝇中的作用 微管在真核生物中普遍存在 许多细胞过程，包括细胞 细胞分裂、调节细胞形状、纤毛和鞭毛的运动。 微管组装的基本单位是α，β微管蛋白 异二聚体。 高等真核生物表达多种微管蛋白亚型， 是不同的，但相关的蛋白质编码的小多基因家族。 此外，其他蛋白质，统称为微管相关蛋白， 蛋白质是特定微管阵列所需的。 因此，每个 基于微管的结构在结构、功能模式 和组成蛋白的总谱。 本研究解决 控制细胞如何利用一个基因的遗传控制的性质 细胞器，微管，形成许多形态和 功能不同的结构。 拟议的实验包括遗传学、生物化学和分子生物学。 果蝇β-微管蛋白在发育过程中的功能分析， 成体组织的分化和配子发生。 具体 目标是：[1]定义β-微管蛋白之间的关系 利用遗传学方法分析多个微管结构和功能 在雄性生殖细胞系中作为模型系统发挥作用。 特定β 将构建微管蛋白突变和杂合β微管蛋白基因， 引入到基因组中，以检查 特别是β微管蛋白结构域，并测试假设， 不同的β-微管蛋白亚型具有限制性或特化性 特性. [2]两种基因、分子和发育分析 趋异发育调节β微管蛋白亚型 和β 4-微管蛋白，以确定它们在每个细胞中的特定作用， 它们被表达的类型。

The overall question which this research addresses is how the information encoded in linear form in the genome is utilized to achieve functional three-dimensional cellular substructure. The proposed research utilizes a molecular and genetic analysis of microtubule function in Drosophila. Microtubules are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles required for many cellular processes, including cell division, mediation of cell shape, and motility of cilia and flagella. The basic unit in microtubule assembly is the alpha, beta tubulin heterodimer. Higher eukaryotes express multiple tubulin isoforms which are distinct but related proteins encoded in small multi-gene families. In addition, other proteins, collectively termed microtubule-associated proteins, are required for specific microtubule arrays. Thus, each microtubule-based structure is unique in architecture, mode of function, and total spectrum of constitutent proteins. This research addresses the nature of the genetic controls which govern how cells utilize one organelle, the microtubule, to form many morphologically and functionally distinct structures. The proposed experiments constitute genetic, biochemical, and molecular analysis of the function of Drosophila beta-tubulins during development, in differentiation of adult tissues, and in gametogenesis. The specific goals are: [1]Definition of the relationship between beta-tubulin structure and function using genetic analysis of multiple microtubule functions in the male germ line as a model system. Specific beta tubulin mutations and hybrid beta tubulin genes will be constructed and introduced into the genome in order to examine the function of particular beta tubulin domains and to test the hypothesis that divergent beta-tubulin isoforms have restricted or specialized properties. [2]Genetic, molecular, and developmental analysis of two divergent developmentally-regulated beta tubulin isoforms, beta3-tubulin and beta4-tubulin, to determine their specific roles in each of the cell types in which they are expressed.