Genetic Control of Tubulin Function in Development

描述：生物学中的一个基本问题是如何发挥作用 形成了三维细胞结构。建议的研究内容包括 微管功能的遗传学和分子生物学研究 黑腹果蝇。微管是真核生物中普遍存在的细胞器。 许多细胞过程所必需的，包括细胞形状、细胞分裂和 纤毛和鞭毛的运动性。微管的基本亚基是α， β-微管蛋白杂二聚体。多细胞真核细胞表达多个微管蛋白 在多基因家族中编码的异构体；额外的微管蛋白多样性 由翻译后修改生成。每个微管结构都是 在超分子结构、作用模式和总光谱方面独一无二 组成蛋白质。从而组装不同的基于微管的结构 取决于微管蛋白异二聚体之间的相互作用以及微管蛋白和 其他蛋白质。建议的研究重点是微管蛋白多样性的作用。 在确定微管组装和功能的特异性方面。因为 微管阵列在所有生物体中都是相似的，在 果蝇与了解其他物种的微管功能有直接关系 物种，包括脊椎动物。 拟议研究的第一个目标是确定微管蛋白的作用 用于指定不同类的体系结构的主要结构 微管。这些研究使用的是模型系统分析的多重 睾丸特异性介导的精子发生中的微管过程 β2-微管蛋白亚型。主要的焦点是运动性轴丝的组装，一个 存在于动物、植物和原生动物中的高度保守的细胞器。一位少校 目的是确定不同的分子机制 规定了精子鞭毛轴丝的微管蛋白相关成分。这个 拟议工作的第二个目标是确定差异的作用 不同微管蛋白亚型在发育和细胞中的表达 差异化。这些研究主要集中在对其功能的分析。 神经元构型中基本的、结构上发散的β-3-微管蛋白亚型 在发育中的成虫视觉系统和幼虫的机械感官中。 分化过程中的瞬时Beta3表达会产生永久性后果 对于细胞功能，即使不再存在Beta3。其主要目的是 确定β3-微管蛋白在发育过程中的瞬时表达 调节分化细胞中的微管细胞骨架。

DESCRIPTION:A fundamental question in biology is how functional three-dimensional cell structure is formed. The proposed research addresses this question by genetic and molecular studies of microtubule function in Drosophila melanogaster. Microtubules are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles required for many cellular processes, including cell shape, cell division, and the motility of cilia and flagella. The basic subunit of microtubules is the alpha, Beta-tubulin heterodimer. Multicellular eukaryotes express multiple tubulin isoforms encoded in multi-gene families; additional tubulin diversity is generated by post-translational modifications. Each microtubule structure is unique in supramolecular architecture, mode of function, and total spectrum of constituent proteins. Assembly of different microtubule-based structures thus depends on interactions between tubulin heterodimers, and between tubulins and other proteins. The proposed research focuses on the role of tubulin diversity in determining the specificity of microtubule assembly and function. Because microtubule arrays are similar in all organisms, the results obtained in Drosophila are directly relevant to understanding microtubule function in other species, including vertebrates. The first goal of the proposed research is to determine the role of tubulin primary structure in specifying the architecture of different classes of microtubules. These studies use as a model system analysis of the multiple microtubule processes in spermatogenesis mediated by the testis-specific beta2-tubulin isoform. The primary focus is assembly of the motile axoneme, a deeply conserved organelle present in animals, plants, and protists. A major objective is to determine the molecular mechanisms by which distinct tubulin-associated components of the sperm flagella axoneme are specified. The second goal of the proposed work is to determine the role of differential expression of different tubulin isoforms in development and cell differentiation. These studies focus on analysis of the function of the essential, structurally divergent beta3-tubulin isoform in neuronal patterning in the developing adult visual system and in the larval mechanosensory organs. Transient beta3 expression during differentiation has permanent consequences for cell function, even when beta3 is no longer present. The primary aim is to determine how transient expression of beta3-tubulin during development modulates the microtubule cytoskeleton in the differentiated cell.