VISUAL ANTICIPATION AND EXPECTATION IN EARLY INFANCY

这个应用程序探讨了发展的预期和期望 在婴儿早期的视觉事件。 视觉注视被记录以索引 期待和期待的存在。 我们的方法采用红外线 角膜和视网膜反射视觉注视录像 序列的 通过分析婴儿的视觉扫描记录， 得出眼动参数，我们推断婴儿是否 能在事件发生之前预测它的发生。 可选择地， 通过检查婴儿的潜伏期来应对可预测的， 非预期事件（与控制条件相比），我们可以 确定婴儿是否对这些事件产生了预期。 15个实验提出了与人类婴儿谁的范围从一至 九个月大 这些实验分为五大类 标题 首先，发展问题被问到：婴儿在什么年龄 能够发展对视觉事件的预期和/或期望， 这种能力是否每月都有稳定性？ 第二，我们问 婴儿使用什么信息来形成时空期望;空间， 时间和身份被考虑。 第三，我们关注的是， 预期信息是以规则或行动的形式编码的？ 第四，我们看看增加规则复杂性对 期望的形成。 最后，我们要问的是， 视觉领域的期望与其他领域的类似过程有关。 域. 这项研究对于我们理解 发展面向未来的进程。 拟议的研究还可能 对评估婴儿期的认知状态很重要。

This application explores the development of anticipation and expectation for visual events in early infancy. Visual fixations are recorded to index the presence of anticipation and expectation. Our method employs infrared corneal and retinal-reflection video recording of visual fixation sequences. Through analysis of the infant's visual scanning records and derived eye-movement parameters, we draw inferences about whether a baby can anticipate the occurrence of an event before it occurs. Alternatively, by examining the baby's latency to respond to predictable but nonanticipated events (in comparison to control conditions), we can determine whether the baby has developed an expectation for those events. Fifteen experiments are proposed with human infants who range from one to nine months of age. These experiments are organized under five major rubrics. First, developmental questions are asked: At what age are babies capable of developing anticipations and/or expectations for visual events, and is there month-to-month stability in this capability? Second, we ask what information babies use to form spatiotemporal expectations; space, time and identity are considered. Third, we are concerned with how the information for expectations is coded -- in terms of rules or action? Fourth, we look at the effects of increasing rule complexity on the formation of expectations. Finally, we ask how the formation of expectations in the visual domain is related to similar processes in other domains. This research is important for our understanding of the development of future-oriented processes. The proposed research may also be important for assessing cognitive status in infancy.