VISUAL ANTICIPATION AND EXPECTATION IN EARLY INFANCY

该应用程序探讨了预期和期望的发展 用于婴儿早期的视觉事件。 视觉注视被记录到索引中 期待和期望的存在。 我们的方法采用红外线 视觉固定的角膜和视网膜反射视频记录 序列。 通过对婴儿视觉扫描记录的分析 根据导出的眼球运动参数，我们可以推断出婴儿是否 能够在事件发生之前预见到它的发生。 或者， 通过检查婴儿对可预测的但反应的潜伏期 非预期事件（与控制条件相比），我们可以 确定婴儿是否对这些事件产生了期望。 提出了十五项针对人类婴儿的实验，这些婴儿的范围从一到 九个月大。 这些实验分为五个主要部分 标题。 首先，询问发育问题：婴儿多大年龄 能够对视觉事件产生预期和/或期待， 此功能是否具有逐月稳定性？ 其次，我们问 婴儿使用哪些信息来形成时空期望；空间， 考虑时间和身份。 第三，我们关心的是如何 期望的信息是按照规则或行动进行编码的？ 第四，我们看看增加规则复杂性对 期望的形成。 最后我们问如何形成 视觉领域的期望与其他领域的类似过程相关 域。 这项研究对于我们了解 开发面向未来的流程。 拟议的研究也可能 对于评估婴儿期的认知状态很重要。

This application explores the development of anticipation and expectation for visual events in early infancy. Visual fixations are recorded to index the presence of anticipation and expectation. Our method employs infrared corneal and retinal-reflection video recording of visual fixation sequences. Through analysis of the infant's visual scanning records and derived eye-movement parameters, we draw inferences about whether a baby can anticipate the occurrence of an event before it occurs. Alternatively, by examining the baby's latency to respond to predictable but nonanticipated events (in comparison to control conditions), we can determine whether the baby has developed an expectation for those events. Fifteen experiments are proposed with human infants who range from one to nine months of age. These experiments are organized under five major rubrics. First, developmental questions are asked: At what age are babies capable of developing anticipations and/or expectations for visual events, and is there month-to-month stability in this capability? Second, we ask what information babies use to form spatiotemporal expectations; space, time and identity are considered. Third, we are concerned with how the information for expectations is coded -- in terms of rules or action? Fourth, we look at the effects of increasing rule complexity on the formation of expectations. Finally, we ask how the formation of expectations in the visual domain is related to similar processes in other domains. This research is important for our understanding of the development of future-oriented processes. The proposed research may also be important for assessing cognitive status in infancy.