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OXYGEN AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AVIAN EMBRYO

氧气与鸟类胚胎的发育

基本信息

批准号：
3313041
负责人：
JAMES METCALFE
金额：
$ 11.36万
依托单位：
OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1982
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1982-04-01 至 1986-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Avian embryonic development is influenced by oxygen availability during incubation. We propose to study ahe effects of 02 availability upon: 1) tissue capillarity, and 2) behavior and growth after hatching. In addition, 3) the mechanisms by which changes in 02 availability affect embryonic growth will be investigated. 1) Capillary density in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and the chorioallantois will be measured by morphometric and volumetric technics during the course of incubation, using tissue from "growth-accelerated" (produced by 60% incubator 02 concentration) and "growth-retarded" (produced by coating part of the eggshell) as well as "contarol" (incubated in 21% 02) chicks. 2) Behavior will be studied using Pavlovian conditioning paradigms with heat as the unconditioned stimulus. Whole body growth will be determined by daily weighing of the chicks for one month after hatching. Growth of organs will be measured by analyses of wet and dry weights, and analyses for DNA and protein. 3) The mechanisms by which changes in 02 availability affect embryonic growth will be investigated by measuring the plasma concentration of anabolic hormones in experimental and control embryos, the plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, and amino acid nitrogen, and by morphologic examination of organs which are knwn to secret anabolic substances. The tissue concentrations of superoxide dismutase, lactate, pyruvate, NAD and NADH will be measured as indicators of tissue 02 tension. Tissue oxygen tension will be measured directly in cultured embryos. Tissue ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations will be measured in brain, hear, and skeletal muscle. We will attempt to correlate growth rate (judged by changes in weight, DNA and protein) and capillary density of each tissue (heart, brain skeletal muscle and chorioallantois) with tissue 02 tension or its indicators (superoxide dismutase concentration, lactate/pyruvate and NAD/NADH0 with the plasma concentrations of anabolic hormones and lipids, and with morphological evidence of secretory activity in the cells of the thyroid, pituitary and pancreatic islets.

鸟类胚胎发育受氧气供应情况的影响孵化。我们建议研究 02 可用性对以下方面的影响：1) 组织毛细管现象，2) 孵化后的行为和生长。在另外，3) 02 可用性变化影响的机制将研究胚胎生长。 1）大脑中的毛细血管密度，心脏、骨骼肌和尿囊绒毛膜将通过以下方式测量孵化过程中的形态测定和体积技术，使用来自“生长加速”的组织（由 60% 孵化器 02 生产）浓度）和“生长迟缓”（由部分涂层产生）蛋壳）以及“contarol”（在 21% 02 中孵化）雏鸡。 2）行为将使用巴甫洛夫条件反射范式进行研究，以热为无条件刺激。整个身体的生长将由每日决定孵化后一个月对雏鸡进行称重。器官的生长会通过分析湿重和干重以及 DNA 和蛋白质。 3) 02 可用性变化影响的机制通过测量血浆浓度来研究胚胎生长实验胚胎和对照胚胎中的合成代谢激素的血浆葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸和氨基酸氮的浓度，以及通过对已知分泌合成代谢的器官进行形态学检查物质。超氧化物歧化酶、乳酸、丙酮酸、NAD 和 NADH 将作为组织指标进行测量 02 紧张。组织氧张力将直接在培养物中测量胚胎。组织 ATP、ADP 和 AMP 浓度将在大脑、听觉和骨骼肌。我们将尝试将增长率关联起来（通过重量、DNA 和蛋白质的变化来判断）和毛细血管密度每个组织（心脏、脑、骨骼肌和尿囊绒毛膜）均带有组织 02 张力或其指标（超氧化物歧化酶浓度、乳酸/丙酮酸和 NAD/NADH0 与合成代谢的血浆浓度激素和脂质，并具有分泌活性的形态学证据存在于甲状腺、垂体和胰岛的细胞中。