PERCEPTION OF SPEECH AND NONSPEECH SOUNDS IN INFANCY

婴儿期对言语和非言语声音的感知

• 批准号: 3318251
• 负责人: Richard Aslin
• 金额: $ 5.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-01-01 至 1987-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3318251
• 关键词: auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; auditory tracking; child psychology; computer data analysis; early experience; infant human (0-1 year); language development; neural information processing; operant conditionings; psychophysics; speech; stimulus /response; videotape /videodisc; vocalization

A series of experiments are proposed for investigating the manner in which infants and young children perceive snythetic and natural speech sounds as well as nonspeech stimuli that match the complex temporal and frequency relations present in speech. Discrimination and categorization data will be obtained from 6- to 12-months-old infants using an operant headturning procedure. Discrimination, categorization, and labeling data will be obtained from 2- to 4-year-olds using a two-alternative pointing procedure. Studies of infants will focus on the discrimination of foreign speech contrasts, trading relations, categorization of stop consonant place of articulation and vowel category in CV syllables, and the extraction of phonetic features. Studies of young children will focus on the discrimination of foreign speech contrasts, the discrimination and labeling of vowels, vowel normalization and reduction, context effects, trading relations, feature extraction, and the discrimination and labeling of place of articulation in stops, VOT, and TOT. In addition to these studies of speech perception, experiments with 6- to 12-months-olds will address several aspects of developmental psychoacoustics, including thresholds for high frequency tones, frequency discrimination, discrimination of frequency modulation, and psychophysical tuning curves. These psychoacoustic studies will not only establish norms for this age range but also uncover any sensory constraints on speech discrimination. The overall goal of this program of research is to evaluate the mechanisms underlying speech perception in infancy and early childhood. The role of early linguistic experience, particularly in the early stages of language production, will be examined, as well as the onset age for a phonetic mode of analysis.

提出了一系列的实验，以调查的方式， 婴儿和幼儿将合成的和自然的语音感知为 以及与复杂的时间和频率相匹配的非言语刺激 在演讲中的关系。 歧视和分类数据将 从6至12个月大的婴儿使用操作性转头获得 procedure. 歧视、分类和标签数据将被 从2到4岁的孩子那里获得，使用两种选择性指向， procedure. 对婴儿的研究将集中在对外国人的歧视上。 言语对比，贸易关系，塞音位置分类 CV音节中的发音和元音类别， 语音特征 对幼儿的研究将侧重于 外国语对比词的识别，识别和标注 元音，元音规范化和简化，语境效应，交换 关系、特征提取以及地点的区分和标记 止动器、VOT和TOT中的清晰度。 除了这些研究， 言语感知，6至12个月大的实验将解决 发展心理声学的几个方面，包括 高频音，频率鉴别，频率鉴别 调制和心理物理调谐曲线。 这些心理声学研究 将不仅为这个年龄段建立标准， 对言语辨别的感官限制。 总的目标是 一项研究计划是评估言语的潜在机制 婴儿期和幼儿期的感知能力。 早期语言学的作用 经验，特别是在语言产生的早期阶段， 进行考察，以及对发病年龄进行语音模式的分析。