CONTEXTUAL CONSTRAINTS ON INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCE

对智力能力的背景限制

• 批准号: 2198679
• 负责人: STEPHEN J CECI
• 金额: $ 5.9万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-05-01 至 1994-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2198679
• 关键词: adult human (21+); association learning; child psychology; cognition; decision making; human subject; intelligence; judgment; long term memory; mental process; model; model design /development; neural information processing; performance; psychometrics; semantics; stimulus interval

The proposed five-phase program of research is designed to investigate the nature, generality, and developmental course of "intelligence", focusing on the role of knowledge and context in shaping cognitive performance. In PHASE 1 of the research plan, a set of familiar semantic and alphanumeric stimuli will be presented to subjects as part of two covergent scaling exercises. The purpose of these tasks is to determine the representation of these stimuli in long term memory, as the arguments, predictions, and interpretations in later phases of the research plan depend upon such a determination. In PHASE 2 a micro-level assessment of intellectual components will be conducted (speed of encoding). Subjects will be presented these and novel stimuli (moving baseball images) at the minimum onset durations and interstimulus intervals necessary to encode them. If encoding operations can be differentiated on the basis of the structure of a stimulus' underlying representation, this would complicate notions of intelligence that are based on the neurological underpinnings of information processing constructs, as such constructs would be shown to be context- and stimulus- specific and not indicative of neural functioning in any direct sense. In PHASE 3 of the research plan, another micro-level assessment will be undertaken of three mechanisms governing the sequence of operations in retrieving information from semantic memory. "Semantic distance effects", "reverse distance effects", and the "same/different effect" will be explored as a function of the degree of elaborateness of a stimulus' representation. In PHASE 4 a macro-level assessment of intelligence will be carried out, focusing on complex thinking and reasoning skills. The goal here will be to determine the interrelationship between: a) complexity at a distance perdiction task, b) micro-level information processing parameters, and c) one traditional indicant of intellectual functioning, IQ. The reasoning tasks will be "driven" by algorithms of varying complexity and in novel vs familiar contexts. In PHASE 5, a bio-ecological model will be further developed to account for the findings from the four previous phases. Several empirical tests involving the complexity of expert and novice gamblers' thinking and reasoning skills will be carried out and the bio-ecological model will be evaluated and extended in light of these results. If time permits, PHASE 6 will be conducted. This is comprised of two sets of experiments that are as yet only partially formulated.

拟议的五个阶段的研究计划旨在 考察……的性质、共性和发展历程 “智能”，侧重于知识和背景在 塑造认知能力。 在研究计划的第一阶段，一组熟悉的语义和 字母数字刺激将作为两个部分的一部分呈现给受试者 隐蔽的伸缩练习。这些任务的目的是 确定这些刺激的长期表现 记忆，记忆，如中的论点、预测和解释 研究计划的后期阶段取决于这样一个 决心。 在第二阶段，对智能组件进行微观评估 将进行(编码速度)。主题将被介绍 这些和新的刺激(移动的棒球图像)最少 编码所需的起搏持续时间和刺激间间隔 他们。如果编码操作可以基于以下条件来区分 刺激的基本表示的结构，这将是 复杂的智能概念是基于 信息处理结构的神经学基础， 因为这样的结构将被证明是背景-和刺激- 具体而不是任何直接的神经功能指标 理智。 在研究计划的第三阶段，另一个微观层面的评估 将采用三个机制来管理以下顺序 从语义记忆中检索信息的操作。 “语义距离效应”、“反向距离效应”，以及 “相同/不同的效果”将作为 刺激表示的详细程度。 在第四阶段，将对情报进行宏观层面的评估 开展，注重复杂思维和推理能力的培养。 这里的目标是确定以下各项之间的相互关系： A)距离判断任务的复杂性，b)微观水平 信息处理参数，以及c)一个传统指标 智力功能，智商。推理任务将是 由不同复杂性的算法和新颖的VS 熟悉的背景。 在第五阶段，将进一步发展生物生态模式，以 解释前四个阶段的调查结果。几个 涉及专家和新手复杂性的实证检验 将开展赌徒的思维和推理技能，并 生物生态模式的评价和推广将参照 这些结果。 如果时间允许，将进行第六阶段。这由以下几部分组成 到目前为止还只有部分公式的两组实验。