QUANTITATIVE ELECTROCHEMISTRY IN POORLY CONDUCTING MEDIA

电化学具有广泛的重要性和影响力。例如，你天花板上的一氧化碳(烟雾)探测器就是一个小型的电化学池。糖尿病患者每天用来监测血糖水平的一次性条状传感器是电化学的。从尼龙、铝到氯的各种材料的生产都是通过电解来实现的。此外，该学科还为能量储存和转换(燃料电池、太阳能电池、电池等)、生物学(离子传输、神经冲动的传输、光合作用、呼吸作用等)等领域的基本方面奠定了基础。和纳米技术(纳米传感器、分子导线、纳米电机等)。对于电流和电压之间的关系的严格和定量研究在介质中得到了很好的发展，首先，导电很容易，其次，系统和电极的物理尺寸是微米(大约百万分之一码)或更大。在液体介质的特定情况下，第一个限制要求存在大量的离子。通过这种方式，这一主题导致了上文所述的重大技术影响。本建议的目标是了解在导电性差的介质中的电化学，以便在不受上述限制的情况下实现电化学技术的力量。也就是说，我们寻求促进在任何介质(有机溶剂、油、任何生物液体等)中的电化学。同时将产生能够在纳米尺度(比微米尺度小千分之一)进行严格的电化学分析的理论。我们看到了广泛而多样的影响。建议的工作计划将基于计算机的新理论和模拟的发展与使用一系列电极和溶剂的各种模型实验联系起来，以建立和验证前者作为广泛应用的平台。

Electrochemistry is of wide importance and impact. For example the carbon monoxide (smoke) detector in your ceiling is a small electrochemical cell. The disposable strip sensors that diabetics use daily to monitor blood sugar levels are electrochemical. The production of materials as diverse as nylon, aluminium and chlorine is in each case electrolytic. Moreover the subject crucially underpins fundamental aspects of areas such as energy storage and transformation (fuel cells, solar cells, batteries, ..), biology (ion transport, transmission of nerve impulses, photosynthesis, respiration ...) and nanotechnology (nanosensors, molecular wires, nanomotors,...).The rigorous and quantitative study of the relationship between electrical currents an voltages is well developed in the case of media where, first, electrical conduction is easy and second, where the physical dimensions of the system and electrodes are those of micrometres (ca one millionth of a yard) or greater. In the specific case of liquid media this first restriction requires the presence of significant quantities of ions. In this way the subject has led to the major technological impacts illustrated above. The target of the present proposal is the understanding of electrochemistry in poorly conductive media so that the power of electrochemical techniques can be realised without the above mentioned restrictions. That is we seek to facilitate electrochemistry in any media (organic solvents, oil, any biological fluid, ..) and at the same time will generate theory which enable the rigorous anaylsis of electrochemistry at the nanoscale (one thousandth times smaller than the micron scale). We see wide and diverse impact.The program of work suggested links the development of new computer based theory and simulation with diverse model experiments using a range of electrodes and solvents so as to establish and vailidate the former as a platform for broad application.