PULMONARY RECEPTOR REFLEXES--BRAINSTEM CIRCUITRY

呼吸由一个复杂的神经系统控制，在这个神经系统中 中枢神经内呼吸模式发生器的活动 系统被各种外周感觉机制改变 (化学感受器和机械感受器)和中枢反馈环。进展 为了理解这个神经元网络在健康和健康方面的运作 疾病需要对细胞成分和细节有更深入的了解 它们是如何联系在一起的。拟议的研究重点放在中央 不同肺感受器的通路(缓慢适应拉伸 受体，肺快速适应受体，以及肺和 支气管C纤维)以及从这些纤维中产生的信息 受体影响脑干中神经元的活动，因此 通风的大小和时间，以及呼吸道直径。这个 中枢通路将使用微刺激和 电生理记录技术。三叉神经的轴突投射 肺伸展受体的二级中继细胞将被追踪到 脑干的其他已知区域含有受肺影响的细胞 充气，包括延髓的重要呼气区和 可能在脑桥神经发生中起重要作用的脑桥区 真核生物。尽管快速适应受体被认为与许多 与病理状态相关的反射，对 它们的中继神经元的特征。被识别为包含 将探索快速适应受体的精细末端，以找到 神经元的放电与快速适应的激活有关 感受器。气管的缓慢适应伸展感受器 被认为对咳嗽的产生有重要影响。什么都不是 知道它们的中枢投射或中继神经元。这些预测 将由逆行映射和继电器技术确定 通过微电极记录识别细胞。强有力的证据表明 来自肺和支气管C-纤维的信息在 在正常和病理条件下对呼吸的控制 最近被推进了。这些神经元的投射和中继神经元 受体尚未确定。这将由逆行决定 测绘和微电极记录。了解连接和 从属于肺和肺反射的神经元的行为 呼吸道受体应有助于理解它们在 在正常和紊乱状态下控制呼吸功能。

Respiration is controlled by a complex neural system in which the activities of respiratory pattern generators within the central nervous system are modified by a variety of peripheral sensory mechanisms (chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors) and central feedback loops. Progress in understanding the operation of this neuronal network in both health and disease requires greater insight into the cellular components and details of how they are connected. The proposed research focuses on the central pathways of the different pulmonary receptors (slowly adapting stretch receptors, pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors, and pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers) and the way that information arising from these receptors affects the activity of neurons in the brainstem and thus the magnitude and timing of ventilation, as well as airway diameter. The central pathways will be studied using both microstimulation and electrophysiological recording techniques. The axonal projections of the second order relay cells for pulmonary stretch receptors will be traced to other areas of the brainstem known to contain cells affected by lung inflation, including the important expiratory areas of the medulla and a region of the pons that may play an important role in the neurogenesis of eupnea. Although rapidly adapting receptors have been implicated in many reflexes associated with pathological states, nothing is known about the characteristics of their relay neurons. Areas identified as containing fine terminals of rapidly adapting receptors will be explored to find neurons whose firing is related to the activation of rapidly adapting receptors. The slowly adapting stretch receptors of the trachea have been implicated as being important in the generation of coughing. Nothing is known about their central projections or relay neurons. The projections will be determined by the technique of antidromic mapping and the relay cells identified by microelectrode recordings. Strong evidence that information from pulmonary and bronchial C-fibers is important in the control of respiration in both normal and pathological conditions has recently been advanced. The projections and relay neurons of these receptors have not been identified. This will be determined by antidromic mapping and microelectrode recordings. Knowledge of the connections and behaviors of the neural elements subserving reflexes from pulmonary and airway receptors should contribute to understanding their roles in the control of respiratory function in normal and disordered states.