PATRICIAN: New Paradigms for Body Centric Wireless Communications at MM Wavelengths

PATRICAN：MM 波长以身体为中心的无线通信新范式

• 批准号: EP/I010491/1
• 负责人: Constantinos Constantinou
• 金额: $ 79.11万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI010491%2F1
• 关键词: PATRICIAN; New; Paradigms; Body; Centric

The future communications world has two scales. One is global, in which the internet gives universal interconnectivity, and access for all to vast amounts of information. The other is personal, where the user can be supported by the global, in a wide range of activities and situations. To some extent this is already with us and is reflected in terminology such a metropolitan, local, personal and body area networks, (MAN, LAN, PAN, BAN). Whilst such classifications clarify the communications from large to small and vice versa, there is another challenge, that of interfacing the user needs to the wider network, in terms of personalisation of the communications and shaping the global support to the human level. These will also be cognitive, in that the personal system will have high levels of awareness of the user state and will control the connections and data flow to match the personal needs. User awareness will depend on the application of the personal system, such as health, business, entertainment, and special occupations including defence and emergency services. Personal awareness could involve body mounted sensors, wirelessly connected through a BAN and connected to the external network through a PAN. We refer to these two domains as body centric communications.In its widest implementation there will be large numbers of body centric systems, and as is normal in human activity, these will at times congregate in the same place, which will also have many other wireless communications equipment. Hospitals, public transport, sports and entertainment events and shopping malls will have high densities of personal systems, working in an electromagnetically cluttered environment. The personal system must be immune to interference and not interfere with other users or important local wireless systems. In the hospital environment these problems may be life threatening. In defence applications, at which this proposal is especially directed, there is a need for the soldier wearing the sensor network to be invisible in a wireless sense. If electromagnetic energy from his systems is picked up by enemy observers, he can be located and attacked.Body area networks at low microwave frequencies have, by the rules of electromagnetics, large antennas that cannot control the spread of energy well, and will not be able to meet the requirements for many close proximity BANs. Communication chip sets are becoming available at 60 GHz that have small antennas, with narrow beams that will be used, for example, to distribute HD TV around the home. We propose, in this project, to investigate the use of 60 GHz and above for body area networks. The challenges are daunting. At these frequencies, diffraction around the body is weak and so shadowing by the body can prevent communication. The solution is to use reconfigurable antennas. For example, for communications between network nodes on the front and back of the body, a path bouncing off the floor might be chosen over one that attempts to propagate around the body surface. As the body moves, this choice may need to be changed as the systems seeks to switch from shadowed paths to successful ones. Similar propagation path searching can be used for communications from the body to local base stations. To realise this sort of agile networking requires very good knowledge of the way the energy propagates around the body and the surroundings, and the design of switchable antennas with narrow beams. Computer based design of future systems requires digital models of both the energy propagation and the moving body, and again the high frequencies throw up difficulties that make this beyond current computational capabilities. The research teams of the Universities of Birmingham, Durham and Queen Mary University of London are well placed to undertake the study having experience in radiowave propagation measurements, antenna design and numerical computation.

未来的通信世界有两个量表。一个是全球，其中互联网给出了通用的互连性，并访问所有人的大量信息。另一个是个人的，在各种活动和情况下，全球可以支持用户。在某种程度上，这已经与我们同在，并且反映在术语中，例如大都会，本地，个人和身体区域网络（Man，Lan，Pan，Ban）。尽管此类分类阐明了从大到小的通信，反之亦然，但在个性化通信并将全球支持塑造到人类层面的方面，将用户接触到更广泛的网络的挑战。这些也将是认知的，因为个人系统将对用户状态具有很高的认识，并将控制连接和数据流以满足个人需求。用户意识将取决于个人系统的应用，例如健康，商业，娱乐和特殊职业，包括国防和紧急服务。个人意识可能涉及身体安装的传感器，通过禁令无线连接并通过锅连接到外部网络。我们将这两个领域称为以身体为中心的通信。在其最广泛的实现中，将有大量以身体为中心的系统，并且正常人类活动时，这些系统有时会聚集在同一位置，这也将拥有许多其他无线通信设备。医院，公共交通，体育和娱乐活动以及购物中心将拥有高密度的个人系统，在电磁杂乱无章的环境中工作。个人系统必须免受干扰，并且不会干扰其他用户或重要的本地无线系统。在医院环境中，这些问题可能危及生命。在该提案特别指示的国防应用中，需要戴着传感器网络的士兵在无线上是看不见的。如果敌人的观察者从他的系统中拾取了电磁能，则可以将其找到和攻击。根据电磁频率的规则，低微波频率的身体区域网络无法很好地控制能量传播的大型天线，并且无法满足许多紧密的禁令的需求。通信芯片组在60 GHz上可用，该GHz的天线很小，将使用狭窄的光束，例如，将使用狭窄的横梁在房屋周围分发高清电视。在这个项目中，我们建议调查60 GHz及以上用于身体区域网络的使用。挑战令人生畏。在这些频率下，人体周围的衍射很弱，因此身体阴影可以防止通信。解决方案是使用可重构天线。例如，对于身体正面和背面的网络节点之间的通信，可以选择一条从地板上弹跳的路径，可以在试图在身体表面传播的一个路径上选择。随着身体的移动，由于系统试图从阴影路径转变为成功的路径时，可能需要更改此选择。类似的传播路径搜索可用于从身体到本地基站的通信。要实现这种敏捷网络，需要很好地了解能量在身体和周围环境周围传播的方式，以及具有狭窄光束的可切换天线的设计。基于计算机的未来系统的设计需要能量传播和移动车体的数字模型，而高频再次抛出了使这超出当前计算能力的困难。伯明翰大学，达勒姆大学和伦敦皇后大学的研究团队非常适合进行该研究，具有放射线传播测量，天线设计和数值计算方面的经验。

项目成果

DEFORMABLE, TIME-VARYING BOUNDARY PROBLEMS IN ELECTRODYNAMICS

电力动力学中可变形、时变的边界问题

• DOI: 10.2528/pier11102003
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: Progress In Electromagnetics Research
• 作者: Mehler M

Medical wireless body sensor networks at microwave versus mm-wave bands

微波与毫米波段的医疗无线身体传感器网络

• DOI: 10.1109/imws-bio.2014.7032413
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Li X

Broadband Vivaldi Array Antenna for On-body Communication

用于体上通信的宽带 Vivaldi 阵列天线

• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Proceedings of Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium
• 作者: Li X.

De-Polarization of On-Body Channels and Polarization Diversity at 60 GHz

60 GHz 时体上通道的去极化和极化分集

• DOI: 10.1109/tap.2014.2361140
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Nechayev Y

Effect of wearable antenna polarization and directivity on on-body channel path gain at 60 GHz

可穿戴天线极化和方向性对 60 GHz 下体上通道路径增益的影响

• DOI: 10.1109/aps.2013.6710988
• 发表时间: 2013
• 作者: Nechayev Y