ECONOMIC COSTS OF POOR HEALTH HABITS

不良的健康习惯，如吸烟、饮酒和缺乏锻炼， 可预防疾病和死亡的主要原因。 的不利影响 这些习惯并不局限于那些有这些习惯的人; 例如，二手烟对儿童有影响。 这笔赠款将审查增加医疗使用的经济成本， 损失，以及因吸烟，饮酒， 缺乏锻炼。 来自健康随机试验的纵向数据 兰德健康保险研究（HIS）提供了一个独特的 有机会调查健康习惯与健康之间的关系 结果。 数据存在，并在医疗上清理三到五年 4,600名成年人的使用和患病时间以及出入境健康状况 3,100名儿童。 我们将比较个人健康习惯和风险因素的趋势， 按年龄、性别和种族定义的亚组之间的死亡率和疾病。 我们 将检查不良的健康习惯作为使用，生病损失， 和死亡的风险。 这些结果将被合并以估计 吸烟、饮酒和缺乏锻炼的终身成本，以估计 从医疗保险和病假中为不良习惯提供补贴， 在不同习惯的人之间传递。 这些费用将告知 目前关于提高香烟和酒类消费税的辩论 饮料. 关于参与者的广泛数据允许对其他差异进行调整 包括保险在内的好习惯和坏习惯之间的差异， 人口和经济变量，生理和一般措施， 健康状况和态度（例如，体重、肺活量测定、身体和精神 健康、健康感知、对自我和医疗保健的态度）。 多元回归技术将用于估计单独的 几种习惯的影响和对健康结果的其他影响。

Poor health habits such as smoking, drinking, and lack of exercise are major causes of preventable illness and death. The adverse effects of these habits are not limited to those individuals who have them; for example, there are effects of second-hand smoking on children. This grant will examine the economic costs in increased medical use, sick loss, and risks of dying of poor health habits such as smoking, drinking, and lack of exercise. Longitudinal data from a randomized trial of health insurance, the Rand Health Insurance Study (HIS), provide a unique opportunity to investigate relationships between health habits and health outcomes. Data exist and are cleaned for three to five years on medical use and sick-loss time, and entry and exit health status for 4,600 adults and 3,100 children. We will compare trends in individual health habits and risk factors for mortality and disease among subgroups defined by age, sex, and race. We will examine poor health habits as causes and correlates of use, sick loss, and risks of dying. These results will be combined to estimate the lifetime costs of smoking, drinking, and lack of exercise, to estimate the subsidies to poor habits from health insurance and sick leave, and transfers between people with different habits. These costs will inform the current debate on higher excise taxes for cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Extensive data on participants permits adjustment for other differences between those with good and poor habits including insurance coverage, demographic and economic variables, physiological and generic measures of health status, and attitudes (e.g., weight, spirometry, physical and mental health, health perceptions, attitudes about self and medical care). Multiple regression techniques will be used to estimate the separate effects of several habits and other influences on health outcomes.