LOSSES AND SEPARATIONS: IMMUNE STATUS

心理社会事件，如失去或分离的重要 其他人，与各种精神病和医学有关 紊乱 幼儿期的分离经历往往具有长期的 后果，如成年抑郁症，孤独和健康状况不佳。 的 据报告，发病率和死亡率的增加实际上可能与以下因素有关： 免疫力受损。 在此，我们建议前瞻性地研究 早期糖尿病的直接和长期行为和免疫学后果 社会分离的经验和社会支持的作用， 这些经验的影响，使用一个完善的动物模型， 非人类灵长类动物母子短暂分离 全面 免疫学小组将包括体外有丝分裂原诱导的 淋巴细胞增殖、B细胞、T细胞和T细胞计数 亚群，自然杀伤细胞的细胞毒性评价， 产生特异性抗体和迟发型超敏反应 匙孔血蓝蛋白和吞噬作用的评估。 此面板 评估体液和细胞介导的免疫能力， 体内和体外程序。 小组讨论将在 在经历了各种社会压力因素（早期产妇分离、进入一个 新的社会群体，接触新的刺激和情况），并在三个 在整个长期随访期间，间隔1个月。 定量 行为观察将在整个研究期间进行， 母体分离，直至完成前瞻性随访研究 在4岁的时候。 对照动物将接受相同的评价，但 而不经历过早分离。 将进行相关性分析 行为和免疫变化之间的联系 社会的作用 将对支持进行评估，比较孕产妇的相对影响， 帽猴和马尾猴的分离经历，这两个物种 不同的社会群体结构。 童帽往往分享照顾年轻 (high社会支持），而猪尾猴则没有（低社会支持 支持）。 据预测，梳辫子的婴儿将表现出更大的 分离期间由于缺乏支持而引起的行为和免疫学变化 在它们的社会群体中相对于帽猴的因素。 这个项目 对于理解当前和长期的 早期社会分离的长期行为和免疫学相关性 经验 这些发现将大大提高我们对 悲伤的病理生理学和增加的健康风险， 刚刚失去亲人

Psychosocial events, such as the loss of or separation from a significant other, have been associated with a variety of psychiatric and medical disorders. Early childhood separation experiences often have long term consequences, such as adult depression, loneliness, and poor health. The reported increased morbidity and mortality could, in fact, be related to impairments in immunity. Herein, we propose to study, prospectively, the immediate and long term behavioral and immunological consequences of early social separation experiences and the role of social support in diminishing the impact of these experiences using a well-established animal model of loss, brief nonhuman primate mother-infant separation. A comprehensive immunological panel will include determination of in vitro mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, enumeration of B cells, T cells, and T cell subsets, evaluation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity, measurement of the generation of specific antibodies and delayed hypersensitivity responses to Keyhole limpet hemacyanin, and assessment of phagocytosis. This panel assesses competency of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity with both in vivo and in vitro procedures. Panels will occur prior to, during, and following various social stressors (early maternal separation, entry into a new social group, exposure to novel stimuli and situations) and at three month intervals throughout a long term follow up period. Quantative behavioral observations will occur throughout the study period from early maternal separation until the completion of the prospective follow up study at 4 years of age. Control animals will undergo identical evaluations but without experiencing an early separation. Correlations will be made between the behavioral and immunological changes. The role of social support will be evaluated comparing the relative impact of maternal separation experiences in bonnet and pigtailed monkeys, two species with different social group structures. Bonnets tend to share care of young (high social support) whereas pigtailed monkeys do not (low social support). It is predicted that pigtailed infants will show greater behavioral and immunological changes during separation due to low support factors within their social group relative to bonnet monkeys. This project has important implications for an understanding of the immediate and long term behavioral and immunological correlates of early social separation experiences. These findings will significantly improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of grief and increased health risk among the recently bereaved.