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'Extreme' Citizen Science - ExCiteS

“极端”公民科学 - ExCiteS

基本信息

批准号：
EP/I025278/1
负责人：
Mordechai Haklay
金额：
$ 135.75万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI025278%2F1
关键词：
Extreme Citizen Science ExCiteS

项目摘要

Citizen Science - the participation of amateurs, volunteers and enthusiasts in scientific projects - is not new, given activities such as the Christmas Bird Watch or the British Trust for Ornithology Survey, in which volunteers observe birds and report to a national repository. Such projects date back to the early 20th century, and many of the temperature records used in climate modelling today have been collected by amateur enthusiasts operating their own weather stations. Over the past decade, Web 2.0 technologies have led to the proliferation of Citizen Science activities, from SETI@Home, where people volunteer their unused computer processing power, to Galaxy Zoo, where amateur astronomers suggest interpretations of images from the Hubble telescope, to the Pepys Estate in Deptford, London, where residents carried out community noise monitoring for six weeks to challenge the activities of a local scrapyard operator. However, the current range of Citizen Science projects is limited in several respects. First, in most instances the participants are trusted only as passive participants (by donating CPU cycles), or as active participants, but limited to basic observation and data collection. They do not participate in problem definition or in the scientific analysis itself. Second, there is an implicit assumption that participants will have a relatively advanced level of education. Third, and largely because of the educational requirements, Citizen Science occurs mostly in affluent places, and therefore most of the places that are critical for encouraging biodiversity conservation, and where population growth is most rapid, are effectively excluded. This proposal challenges this current mode of Citizen Science by suggesting the establishment of an interdisciplinary research group that will focus on 'Extreme' Citizen Science (ExCiteS). ExCiteS is extreme in three ways: first, it aims to develop the theories and methodologies to allow any community to start a Citizen Science project that will deal with the issues that concern them - from biodiversity to food production; second, it will provide a set of tools that can be used by any user, regardless of their level of literacy, to collect, analyse and act on information by using established scientific methods; finally, it aims to use the methodologies of Citizen Science around the globe, by developing a technology, through collaborative activities, that can involve communities from housing estates in London to hunter-gatherers and forest villagers in the Congo Basin. The underlying technology is aimed to be universal and to provide the foundations for many other projects and activities. The technology that will be developed will rely on spatial and geographical representations of information. The reason for focusing on this mode of representation is that, as a form of human communication, geographical representations predate text, and are likely to be accessible by many people with limited reading and technology literacy.ExCiteS has the transformative potential to deal with some of the major sustainability challenges involved in using science and Information and Communication Technologies in a hot (due to climate change), flat (due to globalisation) and crowded (due to population increase) world, by creating tools that will help communities understand their environment as it changes, and manage it by using scientific modelling and management methods. The proposal focuses not only on the development of ExCiteS as a practice, but, significantly, on developing a fundamental understanding of Citizen Science by studying the motivation of participants and their incentives, identifying patterns of data collection, and dealing with the uncertainty and validity of data collected in this way.

公民科学--业余爱好者、志愿者和爱好者参与科学项目--并不新鲜，因为像圣诞节观鸟或英国鸟学调查信托基金这样的活动，志愿者观察鸟类并向国家储存库报告。这样的项目可以追溯到20世纪初，今天用于气候建模的许多温度记录都是由运营自己的气象站的业余爱好者收集的。在过去的十年里，Web 2.0技术导致了公民科学活动的激增，从人们自愿使用其未使用的计算机处理能力的SETI@Home，到业余天文学家建议解读哈勃望远镜图像的银河动物园，再到伦敦德普特福德的Pepys庄园，居民们对社区噪音进行了六周的监测，以挑战当地废料场操作员的活动。然而，目前公民科学项目的范围在几个方面是有限的。首先，在大多数情况下，参与者只被信任为被动参与者(通过捐赠CPU周期)，或者作为主动参与者，但仅限于基本的观察和数据收集。他们不参与问题定义或科学分析本身。其次，有一种隐含的假设，即参与者将拥有相对较高的教育水平。第三，主要是因为教育要求，公民科学主要发生在富裕的地方，因此大多数对鼓励生物多样性保护至关重要的地方，以及人口增长最快的地方，实际上都被排除在外。这项提案对当前的公民科学模式提出了挑战，建议建立一个跨学科的研究小组，专注于“极端的”公民科学(Excites)。Excites在三个方面是极端的：首先，它旨在发展理论和方法，使任何社区都能启动公民科学项目，解决他们关心的问题--从生物多样性到粮食生产；其次，它将提供一套工具，任何用户，无论其识字水平如何，都可以用来收集、分析信息，并通过既定的科学方法采取行动；最后，它旨在在全球使用公民科学的方法，通过合作活动开发一种技术，使从伦敦的住宅区到刚果盆地的狩猎采集者和森林村民的社区都能参与进来。基础技术的目标是具有普遍性，并为许多其他项目和活动提供基础。将要开发的技术将依赖于信息的空间和地理表示。关注这种表达模式的原因是，作为人类交流的一种形式，地理表达早于文本，许多阅读和技术知识有限的人可能都能接触到。ExCiteS具有变革的潜力，可以应对在炎热(由于气候变化)、平坦(由于全球化)和拥挤(由于人口增加)的世界中使用科学和信息与通信技术所涉及的一些重大可持续挑战，通过创建工具来帮助社区了解环境的变化，并使用科学建模和管理方法对其进行管理。该提案不仅侧重于将Excites作为一种实践来发展，而且更重要的是，通过研究参与者的动机及其动机，确定数据收集的模式，并处理以这种方式收集的数据的不确定性和有效性，来发展对公民科学的基本理解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Territorial and environmental management of indigenous lands: The Brazilian case.

土著土地的领土和环境管理：巴西案例。

DOI：
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Commandulli C
通讯作者：
Commandulli C

Ciência Cidadã Extrema: Uma Nova Abordagem

Cíncia Cidadà Extrema: Uma Nova Abordagem

DOI：
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Biodiversidade Brasileir
影响因子：
0
作者：
Commandulli C
通讯作者：
Commandulli C

Awareness and learning in participatory noise sensing.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0081638
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
PloS one
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Becker M;Caminiti S;Fiorella D;Francis L;Gravino P;Haklay MM;Hotho A;Loreto V;Mueller J;Ricchiuti F;Servedio VD;Sîrbu A;Tria F
通讯作者：
Tria F

Experimenting with Extreme Citizen Science in the Amazon: creating designs for the pluriverse

在亚马逊进行极限公民科学实验：为多元宇宙创造设计