BREATHING STRATEGY

呼吸策略

• 批准号: 3362656
• 负责人: GASPAR Andrew FARKAS
• 金额: $ 13.42万
• 依托单位: MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 1993-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3362656
• 关键词: diaphragm; disease /disorder model; dogs; emphysema; neural information processing; newborn animals; pulmonary respiration; respiratory muscles

The functional role of a particular respiratory muscle depends on the coupling of mechanical to neural events. Because the respiratory pattern can be easily adjusted, it has been suggested that respiration can be regulated to optimize the efficiency of the respiratory muscles. In situ, the operating length of a skeletal muscle with respect to its optimal force producing length (force length characteristics) is governed by active tension and occurs at a length where the muscle is electrically active in vivo. Thus, in adult animals, adaptations take place in muscle length such that length and activation will eventually be synchronized for optimal output. Changes in body posture profoundly influence the operational length of the respiratory muscles. As posture is changed to held up (akin to sitting in awake animals), the diaphragm shortens, and if uncompensated, would result in a reduction in tidal volume due to length-tension considerations. However, the adoption of the head up posture is associated with a considerable phasic recruitment of the expiratory muscles (displaced to more favorable operating lengths), their mechanical contribution being 65% of tidal volume in this posture. Thus, head up dogs with ineffective diaphragms compensate by recruiting more effective abdominal muscles. The link between the mechanical properties of the respiratory muscles and their neural control has not been investigated. Our hypothesis is that recruitment of the respiratory muscles is related to their position with respect to their optimal length. The goals of the proposed work are to investigate the relationship between the mechanical efficiency of the respiratory muscles and their neural control in normal adult dogs. Moreover, to study the relationship between both parameters during a transitional state, the strategy of breathing is neonatal and emphysematous animals (i.e., both representing conditions where adaptations occur in operating length) will also be investigated. These studies should establish a new link between respiratory muscle mechanics and the control of breathing.

特定呼吸肌的功能作用取决于 机械与神经事件的耦合。因为呼吸模式 可以很容易地调整，有人建议，呼吸可以 以优化呼吸肌的效率。 在原位，骨骼肌相对于其 最佳力产生长度（力长度特性）取决于 通过主动张力，并发生在肌肉电连接的长度处， 在体内有活性。因此，在成年动物中，适应发生在肌肉中， 长度，使得长度和激活最终将被同步， 最优输出 身体姿势的变化深刻地影响着手术的长度。 呼吸肌当姿势改变为举起时（类似于坐在 醒着的动物），横膈膜缩短，如果得不到补偿， 由于长度张力的考虑，潮气量减少。 然而，采用抬头姿势与 呼气肌的相当大的阶段性募集（移位到 更有利的操作长度），其机械贡献为65% 潮气量的变化。因此，在无效的情况下， 横膈膜通过招募更多有效的腹肌来补偿。 呼吸肌的机械特性与 它们的神经控制还没有被研究过。我们的假设是 呼吸肌的募集与它们的位置有关， 最佳长度。 拟议工作的目标是调查之间的关系 呼吸肌及其神经的机械效率 正常成年犬对照组。 此外，为了研究 在过渡状态期间的两个参数，呼吸的策略是 新生和肺气肿动物（即，两者都代表着 其中在操作长度中发生适应）也将被研究。 这些研究应该建立一个新的联系呼吸肌之间 机械和呼吸的控制。