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Novel superfluid phenomena in semiconductor microcavities

半导体微腔中的新型超流体现象

基本信息

批准号：
EP/I028900/1
负责人：
Marzena Szymanska
金额：
$ 50.61万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI028900%2F1
关键词：
Novel superfluid phenomena semiconductor microcavities

项目摘要

Superfluidity is one of the most remarkable consequences of macroscopic quantum coherence in interacting condensed matter systems, and manifests itself in a number of fascinating effects, such as for example dissipationless flow of a superfluid via obstacles, quantised circulation, and metastable persistent currents. First observed in liquid Helium in 1937, it is closely related to the phenomena of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), and to the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) collective state of fermions, which is responsible for superconductive behaviour of some materials.The phenomenon of macroscopic coherence and superfluidity is not restricted to systems close to thermodynamic equilibrium, such as liquid Helium, superconductors and ultra-cold atomic gases. It has also been recently observed in systems far from equilibrium, where a steady-state is obtained by a dynamical balance of driving and losses. Semiconductor microcavities currently play a leading role in the study of non-equilibrium superfluidity. Strong interactions between confined light and bosonic excitations in the semiconductor (called excitons) lead to new quasi-particles - microcavity polaritons, in which interactions can be manipulated externally by changing the driving power and the energy detuning between photons and excitons, and where the matter component can be accurately probed by measuring the properties of the emitted light.An additional advantage of semiconductor microcavities is that the temperatures for BEC and superfluidity in current experiments are of the order of 10K, and are only limited by relatively small dipole interactions between excitons and photons in GaAs. Other materials, such as GaN, have already hosted polariton lasing at room temperature, and it is now only a question of technological progress in manufacturing samples of a better quality (less of the inhomogeneous disorder) for polariton BEC and superfluidity to be realised at room temperature. Quantum collective effects at such high temperatures are likely to lead to device applications, for example in quantum storage and computation, and for transporting light-matter pulses without loss over macroscopic distances.However, properties which characterise non-equilibrium superfluids in dissipative and driven quantum systems are fundamentally different compared to superfluids in thermal equilibrium, and thus we are faced with an exciting opportunity to discover and explore brand-new physical phenomena. This project is aimed at exploring novel superfluid properties of non-equilibrium condensates, using polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. It is a very broad subject since essentially all phenomena discovered and discussed in the context of equilibrium superfluidity are likely to be affected by non-equilibrium. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive theoretical description, and experimental realisation by our project partners, of a broad range of phenomena connected with superfluid behaviour.

超流性是相互作用的凝聚态物质系统中宏观量子相干性最显着的后果之一，并表现在许多令人着迷的效应中，例如超流体穿过障碍物的无耗散流动、量子化循环和亚稳态持续电流。 1937 年首次在液氦中观察到，它与玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 (BEC) 现象以及费米子的巴丁-库珀-施里弗 (BCS) 集体态密切相关，费米子是某些材料超导行为的原因。宏观相干性和超流性现象并不限于接近热力学平衡的系统，例如液体氦、超导体和超冷原子气体。最近在远离平衡的系统中也观察到了这种情况，其中稳态是通过驱动和损耗的动态平衡获得的。半导体微腔目前在非平衡超流研究中发挥着主导作用。半导体中受限光和玻色子激发（称为激子）之间的强相互作用产生了新的准粒子——微腔极化激元，其中可以通过改变驱动功率以及光子和激子之间的能量失谐来从外部操纵相互作用，并且可以通过测量发射光的特性来精确探测物质成分。半导体微腔的另一个优点是当前实验中 BEC 和超流性的温度约为 10K，并且仅受到 GaAs 中激子和光子之间相对较小的偶极子相互作用的限制。其他材料，例如 GaN，已经在室温下产生极化子激光，现在只需要技术进步来制造质量更好（更少的不均匀无序）的样品，以在室温下实现极化子 BEC 和超流性。如此高温下的量子集体效应可能会带来设备应用，例如量子存储和计算，以及在宏观距离上无损耗地传输光物质脉冲。然而，耗散和驱动量子系统中非平衡超流体的特性与热平衡中的超流体相比有根本不同，因此我们面临着一个令人兴奋的发现和探索机会全新的物理现象。该项目旨在利用半导体微腔中的极化激元探索非平衡凝聚体的新型超流体特性。这是一个非常广泛的主题，因为基本上在平衡超流性背景下发现和讨论的所有现象都可能受到非平衡的影响。我们的目标是提供与超流体行为相关的广泛现象的全面理论描述，并由我们的项目合作伙伴进行实验实现。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Frictionless Flow in a Binary Polariton Superfluid

二元极化子超流体中的无摩擦流动

DOI：
10.1103/physrevlett.108.065301
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
Physical Review Letters
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Cancellieri E
通讯作者：
Cancellieri E

Nonequilibrium Phase Transition in a Two-Dimensional Driven Open Quantum System

DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.5.041028
发表时间：
2015-11-17
期刊：
PHYSICAL REVIEW X
影响因子：
12.5
作者：
Dagvadorj, G.;Fellows, J. M.;Szymanska, M. H.
通讯作者：
Szymanska, M. H.

Vortex and half-vortex dynamics in a nonlinear spinor quantum fluid.

非线性旋转量子流体中的涡旋和半涡流动力学。

DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1500807
发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
Science advances
影响因子：
13.6
作者：
Dominici L;Dagvadorj G;Fellows JM;Ballarini D;De Giorgi M;Marchetti FM;Piccirillo B;Marrucci L;Bramati A;Gigli G;Szymańska MH;Sanvitto D
通讯作者：
Sanvitto D

Erratum: Frictionless Flow in a Binary Polariton Superfluid [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 , 065301 (2012)]

勘误表：二元极化子超流体中的无摩擦流 [物理学。