Resilient Electricity Networks for Great Britain (RESNET)

GB的电力能源网络的弹性正受到三方面的挑战：（i）旨在通过脱碳能源供应减少温室气体排放的政策将大大改变现有的供应组合;（ii）“能源”系统的脱碳可能会涉及相当大的转变，对电力网络的电能需求，伴随着需要多少电力和何时需要电力的变化;及（iii）预期的平均气候变化将改变电力需求及电力基础设施的表现，而极端天气事件的严重程度及频率增加将影响电网及配电系统。为应对上述多重挑战，RESNET项目（英国弹性电力网络）将开发和展示一种全面的系统级方法，以分析现有和拟议的电力网络的弹性。它将开发、测试和完善用于评估适应措施的工具，这些措施旨在增强网络的复原力，包括社会和技术适应。WP 1将为三个关键天气变量产生未来气候情景，其中平均特征的变化可能影响网络的运营弹性，极端变化可能影响网络的基础设施弹性：温度（和太阳辐射），降雨（与洪水相关）和风。WP 2将制定电力需求和供应情景，与WP 1的气候变化影响情景以及实现政策目标所需的脱碳水平保持一致。WP 3将WP 1的危险模型与WP 2的需求和供应情景相结合，并具有动态的、空间上明确的电力系统仿真模型。WP 4将使用该模型量化未来气候对整个GB电力传输系统（即国家电网）的日常（运营）弹性和对极端事件的弹性（基础设施网络弹性）的潜在影响，以及案例研究配电网络。针对这些基础设施、需求和气候未来，我们将测试广泛的适应方案对于提高能源系统整体弹性的有效性。适应在这里不被视为一个纯粹的技术活动，但应考虑社会适应，消费者改变他们的做法，以科普不断变化的网络可靠性水平。WP 5将评估未来电网脆弱性对组织和家庭的影响，考虑到气候变化的影响，并考虑如何适应这些影响。当代英国社会已经习惯了可靠的电力供应，任何中断供应通常被认为是社会，政治和经济上不受欢迎的，几乎不考虑保持如此高水平的完整性所涉及的技术和经济问题。这种预期的服务水平对已经面临多重挑战的电力网络造成了进一步的限制。最终，如果英国的能源系统要实现政府2摄氏度承诺所暗示的紧急和快速缓解，电力系统将不得不在短期，中期和长期内进行深刻的变革。一个成功和快速脱碳的电力系统的关键是一个能够抵御气候变化影响的输电和配电网络，能够在不断变化的需求情况下平衡不同类型的低碳供应。对这些系统性挑战的早期综合分析将在开发一个负担得起的，强大的和低碳的电力系统方面带来巨大的好处，该系统能够抵御不断变化的环境和社会经济驱动因素的直接和间接影响。

The resilience of GB's electricity energy network is being challenged on three fronts: (i) policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions through decarbonising energy supply will alter substantially the existing supply mix; (ii) decarbonising of the 'energy' system will likely involve considerable shift of previously non-electric energy demand onto the electricity network with accompanying changes in how much electricity is needed and when it is needed; and (iii) the expected mean changes in climate will alter the electricity demand and performance of electricity infrastructure, and increased severity and frequency of extreme weather events will impact on the electrical network and distribution systems.To address these multiple challenges, the RESNET project (Resilient Electricity Networks for Great Britain) will develop and demonstrate a comprehensive systems-level approach to analysing the resilience of the existing and proposed electricity networks. It will develop, test and refine tools for evaluating adaptation measures designed to enhance the resilience of the network including societal and technical adaptation. The work will consist of 5 work packages (WPs).WP1 will produce future climate scenarios for three key weather variables where changes in average characteristics can impact on the operational resilience of the network and changes in extremes can impact the infrastructural resilience of the network: temperature (and solar radiation), rainfall (with associated flooding) and wind. WP2 will develop electricity demand and supply scenarios, consistent both with the climate change impacts scenarios from WP1, and levels of decarbonisation required to meet policy targets. WP3 will couple the hazard model from WP1 with demand and supply scenarios from WP2 with a dynamic, spatially explicit, power systems simulation model. WP4 will use the model to quantify the potential impacts of future climate upon the day to day (operational) resilience and resilience to extreme events (infrastructure network resilience) of the overall GB electricity transmission system (i.e. the National Grid), and case study distribution networks. Against these infrastructure, demand and climate futures we will test the effectiveness of a wide range of adaptation options for improving the overall resilience of the energy system. Adaptation is not seen here as a purely technical activity but should consider societal adaptation where by consumers change their practices to cope with changing levels of network reliability. WP5 will assess the impact of the future vulnerability of the network upon organisations and households, taking into account climate change impacts, and consider how these may adapt.Contemporary UK society has grown accustomed to a reliable supply of electricity with any interruption to supply typically considered, socially, politically and economically undesirable, almost regardless of the technical and economic implications of maintaining such high levels of integrity. This expected level of service places further constraints on an electricity network already facing multiple challenges. Ultimately, if the UK's energy system is to achieve the urgent and rapid mitigation implied by the Government's 2 deg C commitment, the electricity system will have to undergo profound changes over the short, medium and long term. Pivotal to a successful and rapidly decarbonising electricity system is a transmission and distribution network that is resilient to climate change impacts, capable of balancing different types of low carbon supply in the context of a changing demand profile. Early and integrated analysis of these systemic challenges will pay significant dividends in developing an affordable, robust and low carbon electricity system resilient to the direct and indirect impacts of changing environmental and socio-economic drivers.