NEUROBIOLOGY OF PREPARATORY SET IN MENTAL DISORDERS

我们将对预备组进行神经生物学研究，以期 分离认知成分及其神经基础， 那些使人类能够做出反应的大脑切换机制 灵活高效地适应他们的环境。反应时间(RT) 实验将在正常人和神经病患者身上进行。 患者要分离皮质和皮质下成分 知觉和运动准备集。这些任务类似于 已在动物的单位记录中使用的 用于识别与以下相关的选择性增强的实验 做好准备，这样两条研究线索就可以开始了 会合。知觉设定任务包括一本简单的RT手册 对检测到视野中的亮度变化的响应； 运动设定任务包括选择RT手动动作。对两个人都是 任务，准备集是由一个初步的视觉线索诱导的， 指示受试者在哪里期待目标，或者在哪里 准备行动。预备集是推断的，它的时间 根据RT中的促进或抑制来测量进程 表现取决于球杆是否正确准备 后续目标的主题。我们将测量转换 进行性核上性麻痹患者的定向，以及 正常人定位到颞区和鼻侧半球的比较 受试者，以检验中脑中心是 既参与将注意力转移到外部信号，也参与 协调注意力和眼球运动。实验在 额叶和尾状病变的患者将检验这一假设 这些结构参与了将注意力转移到 内生控制。丘脑患者的实验 损伤将检验枕骨参与的假说 在一个新的地点吸引注意力。在病人身上做实验 帕金森氏症患者，额叶和小脑病变 研究皮质和皮质下中枢在脑内的作用 调解马达套装。虽然这一点的首要重要性是 研究在于它有可能阐明一个基本的 神经生物学中的问题，它也具有潜在的临床相关性，因为 井。它可能会导致更理性的方法来处理 有注意力和运动规划的患者的康复 由神经系统疾病引起的疾病。

We will investigate the neurobiology of preparatory set in order to isolate the cognitive components, and their neural substrates, of those brain switching mechanisms which enable humans to respond flexibly and efficiently to their environment. Reaction time (RT) experiments will be conducted in normal humans and neurological patients to separate the cortical and subcortical components of perceptual and motor preparatory set. The tasks are similar to those which have been employed in unit recordings in animal experiments for identifying selective enhancement related to preparatory set, so that the two strands of research may begin to converge. The perceptual set tasks involve a simple RT manual response on detecting a luminance changes in the visual field; the motor set tasks involve choice RT manual movements. For both tasks, preparatory set is induced by a preliminary visual cue which instructs the subject where to expect the target or which movement to prepare. Preparatory set is inferred, and its time course measured, on the basis of facilitation or inhibition in RT performance depending upon whether the cue correctly prepares the subject for the subsequent target. We will measure convert orienting in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, and compare orienting into temporal and nasal hemifields in normal subjects, to test the hypotheses that midbrain centers are involved both in moving attention to exogenous signals, and in coordinating attention with eye movements. Experiments in patients with frontal and caudate lesions will test the hypothesis that these structures are involved in moving attention under endogenous control. Experiments in patients with thalamic lesions will test the hypothesis that the pulvinar is involved in engaging attention at a new location. Experiments in patients with Parkinson's disease, frontal lobe and cerebellar lesions will investigate the role of cortical and subcortical centers in mediating motor set. While the primary importance of this research lies in its potential for elucidating a fundamental problem in neurobiology, it also has potential clinical relevance as well. It may lead to more rational approaches to the rehabilitation of patients with attention and motor planning disorders due to neurological diseases.