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REGULARITIES IN RECOGNITION MEMORY: THEORETICAL BASES

识别记忆的规律：理论基础

基本信息

批准号：
3384443
负责人：
MURRAY GLANZER
金额：
$ 0.72万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1989-09-01 至 1994-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3384443
关键词：
aging attention human subject information theory memory memory disorders stimulus /response

项目摘要

This project extends empirical work on a strong regularity in recognition memory, the mirror effects, and theoretical work designed to account for that regularity. The theoretical and empirical work led to the establishment of two further regularities -- the symmetrical movement of underlying (signal and noise) distributions when memory is impaired (as with forgetting) or facilitated (as with additional study time); and the order of the slopes of the receiver operating characteristics for conditions that differ in recognition efficiency. The proposed work will examine the following: 1. Extension of the work to cover a complete ordering of slopes of receiver operating characteristics as a function of accuracy of recognition. The order of slopes as a function of accuracy of recognition memory involves critical issues for a number of the current global theories of memory. 2. Further exploration of variables affecting the bilateral movement of underlying distributions - noise level, efficiency of encoding, proactive interference. 3. Extension of attention/likelihood theory to more complex situations in which the subject's model of the situation differs from the actual situation. 4. Demonstration that the theory predicts a fourth regularity, the absence of list-strength effects. Those effects involve the use of mixed lists, lists in which the subjects get different numbers of trials or different study times for various items. The absence of the list strength effect is important since it is again critical for a number of current models of memory. The absence of the list strength effect will be further examined in new experimental arrangements that generalize it -- forgetting and proactive interference. A fifth regularity, the identity of receiver operating characteristic slopes, which can also be derived from the theory, will be tested in the planned experiments. GANT=R01MH45137 Pavlovian conditioning researchers have displayed renewed interest in associations formed between two sensory events. Pairing of sensory events is also a central feature of a perceptual phenomenon described by McCollough in 1965, now known as the McCollough effect (ME). The proposed research is designed to integrate these two research traditions. The ME is demonstrated by presenting two chromatic grids during an "induction" period (e.g., a grid of black and green horizontal bars alternating with a grid of black and magenta vertical bars). Subsequently, complementary color aftereffects contingent on bar orientation are noted on an achromatic grid. For the above example, the white space between black horizontal bars appears pink and the white space between black vertical bars appears green. The ME is one of a category of contingent color aftereffects (CCAEs). The proposed research has two major objectives: (1) to evaluate the extent to which CCAEs, which result from pairing of color with another feature of the stimulus, can be understood as an instance of another well-studied phenomenon of pairing, Pavlovian conditioning, and (2) to study a new CCAE: illusory color seen on achromatic words following exposure to these words in color. In all experiments, a computer system is used for induction and assessment of CCAEs. Standard psychophysical procedures, appropriately modified for the task, are used to objectively assess aftereffect magnitude. The research concerning the contribution of Pavlovian conditioning to the CCAE will aid in understanding the contribution of learning to perception. Research addressed to the role of learning in the CCAE is also relevant to the role of learning in homeostatic functioning. Many conditioning phenomena typically studied with animals have been demonstrated with CCAEs, thus the research provides learning researchers with a valuable, inexpensive alternative to the use of animals. The research concerning the word-CCAE many aid in understanding how people code and process the written word. In addition, it is likely that the word-CCAE research is relevant to reports of troublesome contingent color aftereffects suffered by computer operators. These aftereffects have been implicated in ophthalmologic, psychiatric, and other work- related problems of computer operators.

这个项目扩展了关于一个强规律性的实证工作识别记忆，镜子效应，以及设计用于解释了这种规律性的原因。理论和实证工作导致了两个进一步的规则的建立--对称性当记忆发生变化时，潜在(信号和噪声)分布的移动受损的(如健忘)或促进的(如附加学习时间)；以及操作的接收器的斜率的顺序识别效率不同的条件的特征。拟议的工作将审查以下内容： 1.扩大工程范围，以包括全面整理作为精度的函数的接收器操作特性承认。作为精度的函数的斜坡的顺序识别记忆涉及当前许多关键问题全球记忆理论。 2.进一步探讨影响双边行动的变数基本分布-噪声水平、编码效率、主动干预。 3.将注意/可能性理论扩展到更复杂的情况主体对情况的模型与实际情况不同情况。 4.证明该理论预测了第四个规律，即没有列表强度效果。这些效果包括使用混合的列表，其中受试者获得不同次数的试验的列表不同题材的学习时间不同。名单的缺失力量效果很重要，因为它对许多当前的内存模型。名单实力效应的缺失将将在新的实验安排中进一步研究，这些安排概括了它--遗忘和主动干预。第五个规律，接收器工作特性斜率的标识，也可以是从理论上推导出来的，将在计划中的实验中得到检验。甘特=R01MH45137 巴甫洛夫条件反射研究人员对在两个感官事件之间形成了联系。感官配对事件也是由描述的知觉现象的中心特征 McCollough于1965年提出，现在被称为McCollough效应(ME)。这个建议的研究旨在整合这两项研究。传统。在演示过程中，演示了两个彩色网格感应期(例如，由黑色和绿色水平条组成的网格与黑色和洋红色垂直线条的网格交替)。随后，补色后遗症视情况而定方向标注在消色差网格上。对于上面的示例，黑色水平条之间的空白显示为粉色，白色显示为黑色垂直条之间的空间显示为绿色。ME是一家或有颜色后效类别(CCAE)。拟议的研究有两个主要目标：(1)评估CCAE在多大程度上这是由于颜色与刺激的另一特征配对而产生的，可以理解为另一个研究得很好的现象的例子配对，巴甫洛夫条件反射，以及(2)研究一种新的CCAE：虚幻在接触这些单词后，在非彩色单词上看到的颜色颜色。在所有的实验中，都使用计算机系统进行归纳和对CCAE的评估。适当的标准心理物理程序用于对任务进行修改，以客观地评估后效震级。关于巴甫洛夫条件反射的贡献的研究 CCAE将有助于理解学习对感知力。针对学习在CCAE中的作用的研究是这也与学习在体内平衡功能中的作用有关。许多通常用动物研究的条件反射现象已经被用CCAE进行了演示，从而为研究人员提供了学习用一种有价值的、廉价的替代动物的方法。这个关于CCAE这个词的研究有助于理解人们是如何对书写的单词进行编码和处理。此外，很可能是 Word-CCAE研究与麻烦事件的报告相关电脑操作员的色彩后遗症。这些余波与眼科、精神病学和其他工作有关- 计算机操作员的相关问题。