Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology

为了实现英国到2050年将温室气体排放量减少80%的雄心勃勃的目标，人们普遍认为，从2030年左右开始，煤炭和天然气发电厂都需要安装碳捕获和储存（CCS）。天然气发电厂大多采用燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机联合循环（NGCC）运行，其烟气特性与燃煤电厂有很大不同。与同等规模的燃煤电厂烟气相比，NGCC电厂烟气中CO2含量明显较低（3-5比13-15%），O2浓度明显较高（12-15比2-4%），流量高出约50%，这使得CO2的分离同样具有挑战性，甚至更具挑战性。最成熟的PCC技术——二氧化碳胺洗涤技术，存在着众所周知的高能量惩罚、氧化溶剂降解和腐蚀、大型捕集装置占地面积和高耗水量等问题。NGCC电厂的新一代PCC技术需要在未来10 ~ 20年内开发和演示，以克服这些缺点，以便从2030年左右开始商业化。与最先进的胺洗涤技术相比，固体吸附剂环技术（SALT）被广泛认为有潜力成为可行的下一代二氧化碳捕集PCC技术，它可以显著提高工艺效率，大大减少能源消耗，降低资本和运营成本，减少工厂占地面积。该项目的目的是克服诺丁汉大学开发的两种候选吸附剂系统的性能障碍，即支持/固定化多胺和钾促进共沉淀吸附剂系统，在专门用于NGCC发电厂的固体环技术中，有效地整合了材料和工艺开发以及支撑技术开发的相关基本问题。目标是：1。克服下列主要具体挑战：(a)审查和加强负载/固定化多胺吸附剂的氧化和/或水解稳定性，从而确定有效和具有成本效益的废材料管理战略。(b)优化钾促进共沉淀吸附剂的配方和制备，以提高工作能力、反应动力学和低温下的再生行为。全面了解不同的烟气条件，特别是氧气和水分，在多大程度上以及如何影响吸附剂材料的整体性能和固体环制工艺的相关技术经济性能。2 .生产公斤级的最佳吸附剂材料，然后在重复吸附/解吸循环中展示其性能，并在流化床测试中建立最佳过程热力学。研究低温氢化氧化聚乙烯亚胺的新再生策略。开展技术经济研究，根据项目中获得的吸附剂性能的改善和优化的工艺配置，评估NGCC发电厂固体环化技术相对于胺洗涤的成本优势。在这个项目中获得的技术诀窍将直接有利于学术界、CCS研究界、发电和能源行业、能源政策制定者/监管机构、环保组织和政府部门，如DECC。拟建项目的成功交付，标志着NGCC电站新型、经济高效的固体吸附剂循环二氧化碳捕集技术的开发和示范又向前迈出了一大步。

To achieve the UK's ambitious target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, it is widely accepted that from ca. 2030 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) needs to be fitted to both coal and natural gas fired power plants.The flue gas characteristics of natural fired gas power plants, mostly operating in a combined cycle of gas turbine and steam turbine (NGCC), differ significantly from those from coal-fired power plants. Comparing to the flue gas of the same size coal-fired power plant, the flue gas of a NGCC power plant contains significantly lower CO2 (3-5 vs. 13-15%) and higher O2 concentrations (12-15 vs. 2-4%) and has ca. 50% higher flow rate, which make the separation of CO2 equally, if not more, challenging. The most mature PCC technology, CO2 amine scrubbing, suffers from well-know problems of high energy penalty, oxidative solvent degradation and corrosion, large capture plant footprint and high rate of water consumption. A new generation of PCC technologies for NGCC power plants which overcome these drawbacks need to developed and demonstrated in the next 10 ~ 20 years in order for their commercialisation from ca. 2030. Solid adsorbents looping technology (SALT) is widely recognised as having the potential to be a viable next generation PCC technology for CO2 capture compared to the state-of-art amine scrubbing, offering potentially significantly improved process efficiency at much reduced energy penalty, lower capital and operational costs and smaller plant footprints.The aim of this project is to overcome the performance barriers for implementing the two types of candidate adsorbent systems developed at Nottingham, namely the supported/immobilised polyamines and potassium-promoted co-precipitated sorbent system, in the solid looping technology specifically for NGCC power plants, which effectively integrates both materials and process development and related fundamental issues underpinning the technology development. The objectives are:1. To overcome the following major specific challenges:(a) To examine and enhance the oxidative and/or hydrolytic stability of supported/immobilised polyamine adsorbents and hence to identify efficient and cost-effective management strategies for spent materials.(b) To optimise the formulation and preparation of the potassium-promoted co-precipitated sorbents for improved working capacity, reaction kinetics and regeneration behaviour at lower temperatures.(c.) To gain comprehensive understanding of to what degree and how different flue gas conditions, particularly oxygen and moisture, can impact the overall performance of adsorbent materials and related techno-economic performance of a solid looping process.2. To produce kilogram quantities of the optimum adsorbent materials and then demonstrate their performances over repeated adsorption/desorption cycles and to establish the optimal process thermodynamics in fluidized bed testing.3. To investigate a novel rejuvenation strategy for oxidised polyethyleneimines involving low temperature hydrogenation.4. To conduct techno-economic studies to assess the cost advantages of the solids looping technology for NGCC power plants over amine scrubbing based on the improved adsorbent performance and optimised process configuration achieved in the project.The know-how acquired in this project will be of direct benefit to academics, CCS research community, power generation and energy industries, energy policy makers/regulators, environmental organisations and government departments such as DECC. The successful delivery of the proposed project represents a major step forward in the development and demonstration of the novel and cost-effective Solids Adsorbents Looping CO2 capture technology for NGCC power stations.