Ultra-Supercritical (USC) steam power generation technology with Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB): Combustion, Materials and Modelling (USC-CFB-CMM)

为了实现英国在不影响能源安全的情况下，到2050年将温室气体排放量减少80%的雄心勃勃的目标，英国的传统发电厂必须在高效率方面以灵活的方式运行，使用替代燃料（如生物质）和整合碳减排技术（如碳捕获和储存，CCS）。2013年，国际能源机构对最先进的基于固体燃料的常规发电技术的现状进行了主要审查，明确表明超超临界（USC）蒸汽朗肯循环发电与循环流化床（CFB）燃烧技术相结合是最可行的替代基于煤粉（PC）的USC发电。此外，与USC/PC相比，USC/CFB具有许多优势，特别是在燃料灵活性方面。然而，USC-CFB技术的发展还面临着许多基础研究和技术挑战。特别是，当燃烧各种固体燃料时，与循环流化床锅炉安全稳定运行有关的燃烧问题尚未完全了解，因此非常需要开发能够应对与USC/CFB运行相关的不利条件的新型材料。该联盟汇集了来自利兹大学、诺丁汉大学和华威大学在传统发电、流化床燃烧、电厂材料、建模和控制领域的国际知名研究专家，并得到了阿尔斯通、Doosan Babcock、福斯特惠勒和E.ON等工业合作伙伴及其国际学术合作伙伴清华大学的大力支持。该项目旨在通过开展研究，解决燃烧、材料和建模方面的关键挑战，最大限度地提高USC/CFB在发电效率、燃料灵活性（包括生物质）和二氧化碳捕获方面的优势。具体的项目目标是：(1)了解各种燃料的燃烧如何影响床上材料的结块、结垢和锅炉热交换器管的腐蚀以及排放(2)了解USC/CFB中恶劣条件对铁素体、奥氏体和镍基材料的蠕变和抗氧化/耐腐蚀性的影响，并利用所获得的知识开发涂层。使这些材料能够承受更高的温度和压力(3)研究当USC/CFB在全氧燃料燃烧模式下运行时对燃烧、排放和材料的额外影响(4)开发一个完整的USC/CFB电厂动态模型，并使用该模型研究提高效率和更好的燃料灵活性的最佳过程运行策略。由实验和模型研究组成的四个相互关联的工作包将完成：(1)WP1 -通过实验室和中试规模的燃烧测试调查循环流化床燃烧问题(2)WP2 -评估候选材料在超超临界/循环流化床中的恶劣条件(3)WP3 -表面工程涂层的开发和涂层合金的力学测试(4)wp4 -超超临界/循环流化床系统建模

To achieve the UK's ambitious target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 without compromising energy security, the UK's conventional power plants must be operated in a flexible manner in terms of high efficiency, using alternative fuels (e.g. biomass) and integrating technologies for carbon abatement (e.g. Carbon Capture and Storage, CCS). Major reviews conducted by International Energy Agency in 2013 on the current status of the most advanced solid fuel-based conventional power generation technologies clearly show that ultra-supercritical (USC) steam Rankine cycle power generation combined with Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) combustion technology is the most viable alternative to the pulverised coal (PC)-based USC power generation. In addition, USC/CFB has a number of advantages over USC/PC, particularly regarding fuel flexibility. However, there are still many fundamental research and technical challenges facing the development of USC-CFB technology. In particular, combustion issues related to safe and stable operation of CFB boilers when burning a variety of solid fuels are not yet fully understood and there is a great need to develop novel materials that will be able to cope with adverse conditions associated with USC/CFB operations.This consortium brings together internationally recognised research experts from Universities of Leeds, Nottingham and Warwick in the fields of conventional power generation, fluidized bed combustion, power plant materials, modelling and control with the strong supports of industrial partners in Alstom, Doosan Babcock, Foster Wheeler and E.ON and its international academic partner - Tsinghua University. The project proposed aims to maximize the benefits of USC/CFB in terms of power generation efficiency, fuel flexibility including biomass and integration with CO2 capture by conducting research that addresses the key challenges in combustion, materials and modelling. The specific project objectives are:(1) To understand how the combustion of a variety of fuels affects bed material agglomeration, fouling and corrosion of boiler heat exchanger tubes and emissions(2) To understand the influence of the hostile conditions in USC/CFB in terms of creep and oxidation/corrosion resistance on ferritic, austenitic and Ni-based materials and to use the knowledge gained to develop coatings, enablng these materials to withstand the higher temperatures and pressures(3) To investigate the additional impacts on combustion, emissions and materials when a USC/CFB is operating in the oxy-fuel combustion mode(4) To develop a whole USC/CFB power plant dynamic model and to use the model to study optimal process operation strategies for higher efficiencies and better fuel flexibilityTo achieve the proposed research aim and objectives and address the fundamental challenges, four inter-connected work packages composed of experimental and modelling studies will be completed:(1) WP1 - Investigating CFB combustion issues through combustion tests at laboratory- and pilot-scales(2) WP2 - Evaluating hostile conditions of USC/CFB on candidate materials(3) WP3 - Development of surface engineered coatings & mechanical testing of coated alloys(4) wp4 - USC/CFB system modelling