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EcoWatt2050

基本信息

批准号：
EP/K012851/1
负责人：
Jonathan Side
金额：
$ 120.75万
依托单位：
Heriot-Watt University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK012851%2F1
关键词：
EcoWatt2050

项目摘要

The Scottish Government is committed to promoting substantial sustainable growth in its marine renewable industries. Agreements for sea bed leases are already in place for 2GW of wave and tidal developments, and projects are progressing through the licensing process. Strategic marine planning for future phases of wave, tidal and offshore wind development is now in progress. For marine renewables to significantly contribute to the low-carbon energy mix towards 2050, significant offshore development in the form of very large scale arrays will be needed. In planning for such a future, the Government must consider the mix of technologies, the locations and configurations of very large scale arrays and their performance, and the implications of anticipated changes to the marine environment from climate change. In establishing its strategic policy positions, the Government must also ensure that legal obligations are met, particularly those under the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) by 2020.The EcoWatt2050 consortium has been established through the auspices of the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) with Heriot-Watt University and the Universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Strathclyde, Swansea and the Highlands and Islands, the National Oceanography Centre (Liverpool) and with Marine Scotland Science (MSS), the organization responsible for providing scientific advice to the Scottish Government on all aspects of marine renewable energy development, policy and planning. The research programme has been specifically designed to respond to questions posed by MSS: (1) How can marine planning be used to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of very large scale arrays of marine renewable energy devices? (2) What criteria should be used to determine the ecological limits to marine renewable energy extraction, and what are the implications for very large scale array characteristics? (3) How can we differentiate the effects of climate change from energy extraction on the marine ecosystem? (4) Are there ways in which marine renewables development may ameliorate or exacerbate the predicted effects of climate change on marine ecosystems? The overarching objective is thus to determine ways in which marine spatial planning and policy development, can enable the maximum level of marine energy extraction, while minimizing environmental impacts and ensuring that these meet the legal criteria established by European law.The research is structured in 5 workstreams. The first led by MSS will monitor progress and set out scenarios for the mix of technologies, very large scale array configurations, and environmental acceptance criteria. The second led by Edinburgh University will develop the hydrodynamic models necessary to examine the physical changes brought about by very large scale energy extraction, including under conditions anticipated from climate change. These outputs feed directly into workstreams 3 and 4 led by HWU and Aberdeen University respectively. These extend this work to examine changes in availability and location of critical habitats for benthic and mobile marine species, and to determine the consequences of changes in critical habitat for the ecosystem as a whole. Finally, workstream 5 led by MSS provides a synthesis of this research, quantifying the balance between energy extraction and environmental change and acceptance criteria to be used in marine spatial planning and policy development.EcoWat2050 builds in direct participation from industry in various aspects of its work, and has a number of wider knowledge exchange and stakeholder engagement activities planned.

苏格兰政府致力于促进其海洋可再生产业的大幅可持续增长。2GW的浪潮和潮汐开发项目的海床租赁协议已经到位，项目正在通过许可程序进行。海浪、潮汐和近海风能开发的未来阶段的战略海洋规划目前正在进行中。为了让海洋可再生能源对2050年的低碳能源组合做出重大贡献，将需要以超大规模阵列的形式进行重大的近海开发。在规划这样一个未来时，政府必须考虑各种技术的组合、超大规模阵列的位置和配置及其性能，以及气候变化对海洋环境预期变化的影响。在建立其战略政策立场时，政府还必须确保履行法律义务，特别是《欧洲海洋战略框架指令》(MSFD)规定的到2020年实现良好环境状况(GES)的义务。EcoWatt2050联盟是在苏格兰海洋科学和技术联盟(MADS)的主持下与赫里奥特-瓦特大学和爱丁堡大学、阿伯丁大学、斯特拉斯克莱德大学、斯旺西大学、高地和群岛大学、国家海洋学中心(利物浦)以及负责就海洋可再生能源开发、政策和规划的所有方面向苏格兰政府提供科学建议的组织苏格兰海洋科学(MSS)建立的。该研究方案是专门为回答海洋科学学会提出的问题而设计的：(1)如何利用海洋规划为超大规模海洋可再生能源设备阵列的可持续发展奠定基础？(2)应使用什么标准来确定海洋可再生能源开采的生态界限，以及对超大规模阵列特征的影响是什么？(3)我们如何区分气候变化和能源开采对海洋生态系统的影响？(4)海洋可再生能源开发是否有可能改善或加剧气候变化对海洋生态系统的预期影响？因此，总体目标是确定如何使海洋空间规划和政策发展能够最大限度地开采海洋能源，同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响，并确保这些影响符合欧洲法律规定的法律标准。由MSS牵头的第一个项目将监测进展情况，并制定混合技术、超大规模阵列配置和环境验收标准的方案。由爱丁堡大学领导的第二个项目将开发必要的流体动力学模型，以研究超大规模能源开采带来的物理变化，包括在预期的气候变化条件下。这些产出直接提供给分别由华威大学和阿伯丁大学领导的工作流程3和工作流程4。这些工作扩展了这项工作，以审查底栖和流动海洋物种关键栖息地的可用性和位置的变化，并确定关键栖息地的变化对整个生态系统的影响。最后，由海洋科学服务部牵头的工作流5提供了这项研究的综合报告，量化了能源开采与环境变化之间的平衡，以及用于海洋空间规划和政策制定的验收标准。