BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY FIBER INTAKE

研究中的特定癌症问题：乳腺癌阴性率高 活组织检查。 乳房X光检查是当今公认的最好的诊断 乳腺癌和乳腺钙化的检查 是一个重要的放射学征象。 在早期乳腺癌， 钙化通常是唯一的诊断标记。 问题： 放射科医生经常发现很难区分良性和 恶性钙化，结果是非常高的 阴性活检的程度。 癌症控制假说：最近进行的一项盲法研究， 实验室已经表明，乳房X光片上可疑的钙化， 通常从切除乳房的X光片中容易且正确地诊断 当在高放大率下观察图像时， 十五 这些模式被认为是特异性的。 假设：在 一定是良性钙化在放射学上 与恶性钙化不同;原因是它们含有 不同的元素或相同元素的不同比例。 癌症控制干预：除非找到新的方法， 诊断乳腺良恶性钙化， 阴性活检将持续存在。 一个解决办法是发展 对良性和恶性肿瘤具有不同亲和力的造影剂 钙化 这些药物不仅会使钙化更加严重， 但也可以提供可视化的手段， 与极早期乳腺癌相关的微钙化。 目标 造影剂的人群将是乳房X线照片 根据钙化情况不确定 使用造影剂的随访乳房X线照片 将获得。 钙化会更明显;结果会 减少阴性活检。 乳房致密的症状女性 在乳房X光检查之前进行对比度增强的候选者。 癌症控制研究阶段：发展的合理基础 这种造影剂是对造影剂中的化学元素的了解。 钙化 本研究的目的是确定元素 乳腺钙化的组成。 将对手术进行分析 对50例乳腺标本进行扫描电镜、能量分析 色散光谱学、X射线绘图和显微照相术， 这个实验室开发的技术。 数据将与 乳房X光检查、放射学和组织学诊断以及放射学检查 钙化的模式。 至少有300个钙化点 分析了

Specific Cancer Problem Under Study: The High Rate of Negative Breast Biopsies. Mammography is recognized today as the best diagnostic examination for the detection of breast cancer and breast calcifications are an important radiographic sign. In early breast cancer the calcifications are often the only diagnostic marker. Problem: Radiologists often find it difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant calcifications from mammograms and the result is a very high degree of negative biopsies. Cancer Control Hypothesis: A recently conducted blind study in this laboratory has shown that equivocal calcifications seen on mammograms can often be easily and correctly diagnosed from radiographs of excised breast tissue when the images are viewed under high magnification. Fifteen patterns have been identified as being pathognomonic. Hypothesis:-there must be an underlying reason why benign calcifications are radiographically different from malignant calcifications; the reason is that they contain different elements or different proportions of the same elements. Cancer Control Intervention: Unless new methods are found to accurately diagnose malignant and benign breast calcifications, the high rate of negative biopsies will persist. One solution would be development of contrast agents with differential affinity for benign and malignant calcifications. Such agents would not only make the calcifications more discernable but could also provide the means for visualizing the microcalcifications associated with very early breast cancer. The target population for the contrast agents would be women whose mammograms are equivocal based on calcifications. Follow-up mammograms using contrast would be obtained. Calcifications would be more visible; the result would be fewer negative biopsies. Symptomatic women with dense breasts would be candidates for contrast enhancement before mammography. Cancer Control Research Phase: A rational basis for the development of such contrast agents is knowledge of the chemical elements in the calcifications. The purpose of this study is to determine the elemental composition of breast calcifications. Analysis will be done on surgical breast specimens from 50 cases using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray mapping, and photomicroscopy employing techniques developed in this laboratory. Data will be correlated with the mammograms, radiographic and histologic diagnosis and the radiographic patterns of the calcifications. At least 300 calcifications will be analyzed.