BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF DIETARY FIBER INTAKE

研究中的特定癌症问题：乳房阴性率高 活组织检查。今天，乳房X光检查被认为是最好的诊断方法。 检测乳腺癌和乳房钙化的检查 是一个重要的放射学标志。在早期乳腺癌中 钙化通常是唯一的诊断标志。问题： 放射科医生经常发现很难区分良性和非良性 恶性钙化的乳房X光检查结果是非常高的 活检阴性的程度。 癌症控制假说：最近进行的一项盲目研究 实验室已经表明，乳房X光照片上出现的可疑钙化可以 通常从切除的乳房的X光片中容易和正确地诊断出来 在高倍放大率下查看图像时的组织。十五 模式已被确定为致病相学。假设：-有 这一定是良性钙化的一个潜在原因 与恶性钙化不同，原因是它们含有 不同的元素或相同元素的不同比例。 癌症控制干预：除非找到新的方法来准确地 诊断乳腺良恶性钙化的比率较高 阴性活组织检查将持续存在。一种解决方案是开发 良、恶性亲和力不同的造影剂 钙化。这样的试剂不仅会使钙化程度更高 可辨别的，但也可以提供可视化 与早期乳腺癌相关的微钙化。目标是 使用造影剂的人群将是乳房X光检查 基于钙化的模棱两可。使用对比度的随诊乳房摄影 将会被获得。钙化会更明显；结果是 少做阴性活组织检查。乳房致密的有症状的女性 在乳房X光检查前进行对比度增强检查。 癌症控制研究阶段：发展的理性基础 这种造影剂是对血管中化学元素的了解 钙化。这项研究的目的是确定元素 乳房钙化的成分。将对外科手术进行分析 50例乳腺标本扫描电子显微镜能谱分析 色散光谱学、x射线测绘和使用的光学显微镜 在这个实验室里开发的技术。数据将与 乳房X光片、X线片和组织学诊断及X线片 钙化的模式。至少会有300个钙化 分析过了。

Specific Cancer Problem Under Study: The High Rate of Negative Breast Biopsies. Mammography is recognized today as the best diagnostic examination for the detection of breast cancer and breast calcifications are an important radiographic sign. In early breast cancer the calcifications are often the only diagnostic marker. Problem: Radiologists often find it difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant calcifications from mammograms and the result is a very high degree of negative biopsies. Cancer Control Hypothesis: A recently conducted blind study in this laboratory has shown that equivocal calcifications seen on mammograms can often be easily and correctly diagnosed from radiographs of excised breast tissue when the images are viewed under high magnification. Fifteen patterns have been identified as being pathognomonic. Hypothesis:-there must be an underlying reason why benign calcifications are radiographically different from malignant calcifications; the reason is that they contain different elements or different proportions of the same elements. Cancer Control Intervention: Unless new methods are found to accurately diagnose malignant and benign breast calcifications, the high rate of negative biopsies will persist. One solution would be development of contrast agents with differential affinity for benign and malignant calcifications. Such agents would not only make the calcifications more discernable but could also provide the means for visualizing the microcalcifications associated with very early breast cancer. The target population for the contrast agents would be women whose mammograms are equivocal based on calcifications. Follow-up mammograms using contrast would be obtained. Calcifications would be more visible; the result would be fewer negative biopsies. Symptomatic women with dense breasts would be candidates for contrast enhancement before mammography. Cancer Control Research Phase: A rational basis for the development of such contrast agents is knowledge of the chemical elements in the calcifications. The purpose of this study is to determine the elemental composition of breast calcifications. Analysis will be done on surgical breast specimens from 50 cases using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray mapping, and photomicroscopy employing techniques developed in this laboratory. Data will be correlated with the mammograms, radiographic and histologic diagnosis and the radiographic patterns of the calcifications. At least 300 calcifications will be analyzed.