Integrated safety strategies for onboard hydrogen storage systems

车载储氢系统的综合安全策略

• 批准号: EP/K021109/1
• 负责人: Dmitriy Makarov
• 金额: $ 123.66万
• 依托单位: University of Ulster
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FK021109%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; safety; strategies; onboard; hydrogen

This proposal is focused at the main unresolved technological safety issues for hydrogen-powered vehicles, i.e. the fire resistance of onboard hydrogen storage. There are about 15,500 accidental car fires in Great Britain annually (Fire statistics. Great Britain, 2010-2011). The most widespread for car use Type 4 tanks are made of carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and can stand in fire up to 6.5 minutes before catastrophic failure. To "prevent" catastrophic failure of tank in a fire it is equipped by temperature-activated pressure relief device (TPRD) with currently typical orifice diameter of about 5 mm. A release from 70 MPa storage tank from such TPRD produces a flame of up to 15 m long and separation distance to "no harm" criteria of 70 C of about 50 m. Moreover, due to so-called pressure-peaking effect a typical garage will be destroyed by such a release (about 300-400 g/s) in 1-2 seconds. Use of such onboard storage excludes evacuation of people from the car or safeguarding of people from the car by first responders. To reduce mass flow rate through TPRD and reduce flame jet length would require increased level of fire resistance of Type 4 tanks from today's 1-7 minutes to about or more than 30 minutes.The project aims to develop novel safety strategies and engineering solutions for onboard storage of hydrogen. This aim will be achieved through realisation of the following objectives (work packages, leading partner is indicated):- Hazard identification study and risk assessment (Kingston University (KU))- Critical analysis of current safety strategies and engineering solutions (University of Ulster (UU))- Numerical parametric study of potential fire attacks from adjacent vehicles (including gasoline vehicles) on road or in car parks (KU). - Numerical parametric study of conjugate heat transfer from fire to storage tanks of different design and extent of fire protection by CFD technique, including IP of the University of Ulster in the field (UU)- Parametric finite element analysis to simulate response of tanks of different design to external fire (KU)- Experimental study of prototype designs to increase fire resistance of onboard storage without and with PRD (UU)- Numerical simulations to evaluate the reduction in mass flow rate achievable with the proposed increase of cylinder fire resistance (KU). - Novel storage and safety solutions, including materials for a liner (University of Bath)- Development of engineering criteria of tank failure to formulate requirements to testing protocol (UU)- Effect of safety strategies and novel engineering solutions on socio-economical aspects of hydrogen economy (UU).The research will start with hazard identification study to assess the potential risks involved. Numerical simulations (fire dynamics CFD and structural analysis FEM) will be conducted on the basis of the proposed enhancement of cylinder fire resistance to evaluate the achievable reduction in mass flow rate. Experimental testing will be undertaken for validation of numerical simulations. Based on numerical and experimental studies the testing protocol for fire resistance of onboard storage tanks will be developed. The research will also include the use of materials efficient for hydrogen storage as a tank liner. Socio-economical study will crown the project outputs, translating the engineering safety strategies and solutions, such as higher fire resistance, lower mass flow rate through TPRD, shorter separation distance, provisions of life safety and property protection, into economical equivalents, e.g. cost of land use, insurance cost, etc. The output of this multi-disciplinary project will aim to inform wider public to underpin acceptance of HFC technologies. The project is complimentary to the EPSRC SUPERGEN Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Hub. Collaborators on this project include leading in the field experts and organisations from all over the globe: UK, USA, France, China, Korea.

该提案的重点是氢动力汽车尚未解决的主要技术安全问题，即车载氢存储的耐火性。英国每年约有15,500起汽车意外火灾（火灾统计）。大不列颠，2010-2011年）。汽车使用最广泛的4型坦克是由碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）制成的，在灾难性故障之前可以在火灾中站立长达6.5分钟。为了“防止”罐在火灾中的灾难性故障，它配备了温度激活的压力释放装置（TPRD），目前典型的孔口直径约为5 mm。从70 MPa储罐从这种TPRD释放产生长达15 m的火焰，并且达到70 C的“无害”标准的间隔距离约为50 m。此外，由于所谓的压力峰值效应，典型的车库将在1-2秒内被这种释放（约300-400 g/s）破坏。这种车载存储的使用不包括从汽车中疏散人员或由第一响应者从汽车中保护人员。为了降低通过TPRD的质量流率并减少火焰喷射长度，需要将4型储罐的耐火性从目前的1-7分钟提高到大约或超过30分钟。该项目旨在开发用于车载氢气储存的新型安全策略和工程解决方案。这一目标将通过实现以下目标（工作包，指出主要合作伙伴）来实现：-危险识别研究和风险评估（金斯顿大学（KU））-对当前安全策略和工程解决方案的批判性分析（阿尔斯特大学（UU））-对道路或停车场附近车辆（包括汽油车）潜在火灾攻击的数值参数研究（KU）。- 利用CFD技术对不同设计和防火程度储罐的火灾共轭传热进行数值参数研究，包括现场（UU）的阿尔斯特大学的IP-模拟不同设计的储罐对外部火灾（KU）的响应的参数有限元分析-原型设计的实验研究，以增加不带PRD和带PRD的机载存储的耐火性（UU）-数值模拟，以评估所提出的增加气缸耐火性（KU）可实现的质量流率的减少。- 新的存储和安全解决方案，包括衬里材料（巴斯大学）-开发储罐故障的工程标准，以制定测试协议（UU）的要求-安全策略和新的工程解决方案对氢经济（UU）的社会经济方面的影响。研究将从危险识别研究开始，以评估所涉及的潜在风险。数值模拟（火灾动力学计算流体动力学和结构分析有限元法）将进行的基础上提出的增强气缸的耐火性，以评估可实现的减少质量流率。将进行实验测试，以验证数值模拟。基于数值计算和实验研究，将制定船上储罐耐火性能的测试方案。该研究还将包括使用有效的储氢材料作为罐内衬。社会经济研究将对项目产出进行评估，将工程安全策略和解决方案（如更高的耐火性、通过TPRD的更低质量流率、更短的间隔距离、生命安全和财产保护规定）转化为经济等价物（如土地使用成本、保险成本、这一多学科项目的成果将旨在向更广泛的公众提供信息，以支持对氢氟碳化合物技术的接受。该项目是对EPSRC SUPERGEN氢能和燃料电池中心的补充。该项目的合作者包括来自地球仪的领先领域专家和组织：英国，美国，法国，中国，韩国。

项目成果

Risk assessment methodology for onboard hydrogen storage

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.195
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: M. Dadashzadeh;S. Kashkarov;D. Makarov;V. Molkov

Non-adiabatic blowdown model: a complimentary tool for the safety design of tank-TPRD system

非绝热排污模型：坦克-TPRD系统安全设计的补充工具

• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Dadashzadeh M.

Hydrogen Adsorption in Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101(Cr)-Adsorbate Densities and Enthalpies from Sorption, Neutron Scattering, In Situ X-ray Diffraction, Calorimetry, and Molecular Simulations

• DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01196
• 发表时间: 2021-08-10
• 期刊: ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 6.4
• 作者: Bimbo, Nuno;Zhang, Kang;Ting, Valeska P.
• 通讯作者: Ting, Valeska P.

High volumetric and energy densities of methane stored in nanoporous materials at ambient temperatures and moderate pressures

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.02.088
• 发表时间: 2015-07-15
• 期刊: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
• 影响因子: 15.1
• 作者: Bimbo, Nuno;Physick, Andrew J.;Mays, Timothy J.
• 通讯作者: Mays, Timothy J.

Effect of a heat release rate on reproducibility of fire test for hydrogen storage cylinders

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.047
• 发表时间: 2018-05
• 期刊: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: S. Kashkarov;D. Makarov;V. Molkov