ISMART

英国的交通基础设施是世界上使用量最大的基础设施之一。铁路网每天的运量比法国铁路网多50%；15号和14号交叉口之间的M25每天载客量为165000人次；伦敦地铁是欧洲最大的地铁。这些网络的性能严重依赖于路基和路堤斜坡的性能，而路基和路堤斜坡仅占主要公路基础设施的GB 60B资产值的GB 20B。这些斜坡中有许多是老旧的，并遭受着高度不稳定的事件(随着时间的推移而增加)。我们的愿景是基于对土方材料和系统行为的基本了解，在当前和未来的一系列环境情景下创建基础设施斜坡中的瞬时水流运动的可视化模型，以用于创建更可靠、更具成本效益、更安全和更可持续的交通系统。改善斜坡管理在直接经济和间接社会经济两方面都将产生重大影响：计划维修费用减少十分之一，并减少因斜坡坍塌而造成的延误。这项建议提供了一个独特的机会来联合6个学术机构并联合他们的现场、实验室和计算设施；与一大批博士生和经验丰富的利益相关者社区一起，我们将承担世界领先的科学并创造长期的遗产。就个人而言，这项建议中的合作伙伴与主要的基础设施所有者和工程公司合作，负责15个路基和路堤的仪器测量，开发耦合水文和岩土影响的数值模型，以及开发实验室和现场测试以提供参数来填充这些模型。这些研究有助于确定所面临的问题的类型，并开始了解天气、土壤和植被之间的一些相互作用。然而，还需要进一步研究，以便更好地了解材料行为(特别是土壤、水、空气和植被的综合行为)；斜坡系统行为(特别是材料特性的时间和空间变化的影响)以及与环境影响和工程性能的关系。此外，到目前为止，基础设施斜坡的材料和斜坡特性与整个基础设施网络的特性还不能统一起来。对于基础设施斜坡的可持续管理(评估、规划、维修、保养和适应)来说，重要的是要有模型来评估基础设施斜坡在现在和未来可能的工程表现。最近的模型开发已经开始考虑天气模式的输入，因此可以对未来气候的潜在影响进行建模。然而，很明显，这些模型对许多物理过程和性质的结合方式很敏感，其中许多过程和性质很复杂，很难直接量化。需要更好地了解土方工程、植被和气候之间的相互作用，以便就应采用哪些维护方法以及如何应用这些方法制定强有力的指导方针。ISmart将结合现场测量、实验室测试以及概念和数字模型的开发，调查上述不确定性和知识差距，并可视化发生在时间和空间上的复杂相互作用。这些知识将帮助英国交通基础设施的管理者识别问题地点，规划维护活动并确定其优先顺序，并制定评估和适应战略，以确保未来岩土交通基础设施的安全和弹性。

The UK's transport infrastructure is one of the most heavily used in the world. The rail network takes 50% more daily traffic than the French network; the M25 between junctions 15 and 14 carries 165000 vehicles daily; London Underground is Europe's largest subway. The performance of these networks is critically dependent on the performance of cutting and embankment slopes which make up £20B of the £60B asset value of major highway infrastructure alone. Many of these slopes are old and suffering high incidents of instability (increasing with time). Our vision is to create a visualised model of transient water movement in infrastructure slopes under a range of current and future environmental scenarios, based on a fundamental understanding of earthwork material and system behaviour, which can be used to create a more reliable, cost effective, safer and more sustainable transport system. The impact of the improved slope management will be highly significant in both direct economic and indirect social and economic terms: planned maintenance costs 10 times less and reduces delays caused by slope failure. This proposal offers a unique opportunity to unite 6 academic institutions and coalesce their field, laboratory and computing facilities; with a large cohort of PhD students and experienced stakeholder community we will undertake world leading science and create a long-term legacy.Individually, the partners in this proposal, in collaboration with key infrastructure owners and engineering companies, have been responsible for the instrumentation of 15 cut slopes and embankments, the development of numerical models which couple hydrological and geotechnical effects, and the development of laboratory and filed testing to provide parameters to populate these models. These studies have helped to define the type of problem that is being faced and begin to understand some of the interactions between weather, soil and vegetation. However, further research is required in order to better understand material behaviour (particularly the composite behaviour of soil, water, air and vegetation); slope system behaviour (particularly the effects of temporal and spatial variations of material properties) and the relationships with environmental effects and engineering performance. Furthermore, the integration of the material and slope behaviour with that of the behaviour of the infrastructure network as a whole has thus far not been possible.It is important for the sustainable management of infrastructure slopes (assessment, planning, repair, maintenance and adaptation) to have models that can assess the likely engineering performance of infrastructure slopes, both now and in the future. Recent model development has started to consider the input of weather patterns, and can therefore model the potential effects of future climate. However it has become clear that these models are sensitive to the way in which a number of the physical processes and properties are incorporated, many of which are complex and difficult to quantify directly. A better understanding of the interactions between earthworks, vegetation and climate is required to formulate robust guidance on which maintenance approaches should be adopted and how they should be applied. iSMART will use a combination of field measurements, lab testing and development of conceptual and numerical models to investigate the uncertainties and knowledge gaps enumerated above and to visualise the complex interactions taking place over time and space. This knowledge will help the managers of the UK's transport infrastructure to identify problem sites, plan and prioritise maintenance activity, and develop assessment and adaptation strategies to ensure future safety and resilience of geotechnical transport infrastructure.