CLINICAL POTENTIAL OF FLOW CYTOMETRY--HEAD & NECK CANCER

头颈部鳞状细胞癌(SCCHN)是两种疾病之一 最常见的人类癌症。大多数患者都患有这种疾病 无法治愈的或可能失败的常规疗法。不可接受 当手术治愈时，许多人会出现功能和美容缺陷 和/或放射治疗。有效的细胞毒疗法有可能 治愈晚期疾病患者(诱导试验)，减少 传统治疗的不良后果(器官保存 试验)和预防常规治疗(佐剂)后的复发 试验)。细胞毒疗法只有在以下情况下才显示出这种潜力 微小疾病被根除了。临床试验受到以下因素的阻碍 不同的细胞毒性反应或临床结果 临床特征相似患者的常规治疗 以及疾病的数量。对临床结果进行预测的尝试 根据临床或临床上的不同而不同的患者 形态参数一直没有成功。流式细胞仪 细胞DNA含量的测量与预后有关 在许多人类恶性肿瘤中存在差异。日本血吸虫DNA倍性的比较 复发和以前未治疗的患者以及连续 接受细胞毒治疗的晚期患者的测量表明 患有二倍体肿瘤或重要亚群的患者不会 实现肿瘤的显微根除。在晚期患者中 将手术作为初始治疗，复发率优势， 无病存活率和绝对存活率与 二倍体肿瘤。在组织学模式上的显著差异 二倍体和非整倍体肿瘤的生长和间质界面 已经证明了这一点，并可能解释了当地-地区之间的差异 手术后复发率。解读与临床 这些发现的应用是困难和不完整的，尤其是 对于二倍体肿瘤或混合肿瘤的组成部分，没有进一步的 用多参数流动表征这些倍性群 细胞学。细胞DNA含量参数的测定可能有助于 在预测临床结果和指示潜在的机制方面 晚期SCCHN患者的反应和耐药性。

Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) are one of the two most common human cancers. Most patients present with disease that is incurable or likely to fail conventional therapy. Unacceptable functional and cosmetic deficits occur in many when cured with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Effective cytotoxic therapy has the potential to cure patients with advanced disease (induction trials), reduce the undesirable consequences of conventional therapy (organ preservation trials) and prevent recurrences following conventional therapy (adjuvant trials). Cytotoxic therapy has shown such potential only when microscopic disease is eradicated. Clinical trials are hampered by widely different cytotoxic responses or clinical outcomes following conventional therapy in patients with similar clinical characteristics and amount of disease. Attempts to predict the clinical outcome of individual patients on the basis of differences in clinical or morphological parameters have not been successful. Flow cytometric measurements of cellular DNA content have been associated with prognostic differences in many human malignancies. Comparisons of DNA ploidy in recurrent and previously untreated patients as well as serial measurements in advanced patients undergoing cytotoxic therapy indicate that patients with diploid tumors or significant subpopulations do not achieve microscopic eradication of tumor. In advanced patients undergoing surgery as initial therapy, advantages in recurrence rates, disease free survival and absolute survival have been associated with diploid tumors. Significant differences in the histological patterns if tumor growth and stromal interface for diploid and aneuploid tumors have been demonstrated and may account for the differences in local-regional relapse rates following surgery. The interpretation and clinical application of these findings is difficult and incomplete, particularly for diploid tumors or components of mixed tumors, without further characterization of these ploidy groups by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The determination of cellular DNA content parameters may aid in the prediction of clinical outcome and indicate mechanisms underlying response and resistance in patients with advanced SCCHN.