INNERVATION OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS IN RATS

超过20%的美国人(1991年，超过5000万人) 患有鼻腔和鼻窦粘膜的慢性炎症。这些 各种炎症性疾病统称为 鼻窦炎。其中一种疾病，过敏性鼻炎，单独导致 在超过2800万天的限制日中，600万天卧床不起，500万天 失业和失学天数，以及超过15亿美元的 每年的医生和药品费用(来自#年报告的一项全国性调查 1975)。上呼吸道系统的炎症显然是一种主要的 这对美国的许多人来说都是个问题。 这项初步研究的主要具体目标是开发一种 更好地了解鼻腔和鼻翼的神经支配 大鼠的副鼻窦。第二个具体目标是开发一个模型 大鼠鼻腔和副鼻窦的炎症反应。 确定支配鼻腔的神经的中枢投射 口腔和上颌窦将通过放置棉球来完成 浸泡在与小麦胚芽凝集素(WGA-)连接的辣根过氧化物酶中 HRP)进入鼻腔和上颌窦。WGA-HRP IS 由初级传入轴突逆行运输到定位的细胞体 在三叉神经节中；然后它被神经节运输到 脑干内初级传入纤维的终末。 在建立大鼠鼻-鼻窦炎模型的过程中，已经被 用于其他炎症研究将被用来确定大多数 适合在上呼吸道使用。许多 炎性物质注射到大鼠的后爪产生的增加 在定位于腰髓的阿片肽中。中的更改 位于脑干的神经元中的强啡肽将被用来评估 鼻窦炎的程度。在这个模型中，增加的强啡肽应该是 定位于初级传入纤维的终末区域 支配鼻腔和副鼻窦。 这项研究将带来两个直接的好处。第一，信息 描述鼻腔和副鼻窦的神经支配 为临床医生提供更全面的原因了解 为什么不同的临床病理经常表现出相似的症状。为 例：三叉神经脊束核的投射 这项研究中的描述可能会与预测重叠，已经 在文献中描述的，从其他结构。这一融合 不同的中央投影可能会为 患者在定位不同的面部疼痛方面存在困难。第二, 建立大鼠鼻-鼻窦炎模型以帮助评估其作用 神经系统在这个炎症过程中的作用会导致 药物干预，既安全又有效 比目前可用于治疗鼻-鼻窦炎的药物更多。

Greater than twenty percent of Americans (in 1991, over 50 million people) suffer from chronic inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa. These various inflammatory disorders are collectively grouped under the term rhinosinusitis. One of these disorders, allergic rhinitis, alone results in over 28 million restricted days, 6 million bedridden days, 5 million work-loss and school-loss days, and over one-half billion dollars in physician and drug expenses each year (from a national survey reported in 1975). Inflammation of the upper respiratory system clearly is a major problem for many people in the United States. The major specific aim of this preliminary research is to develop a greater understanding of the innervation of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses in the rat. A second specific aim is to develop a model of inflammation in the rat's nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Determining the central projections of the nerves innervating the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus will be accomplished by placing cotton pledgets soaked in horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutin (WGA- HRP) into the nasal cavity and the maxillary sinus. WGA-HRP is retrogradely transported by primary afferent axons to cell bodies located in the trigeminal ganglion; it then is transported transganglionically to terminals of the primary afferent fibers in the brain stem. In developing a model of rhinosinusitis in the rat, agents that have been used in other studies of inflammation will be used to determine the most appropriate one for use in the upper respiratory system. Many inflammatory agents injected into the hindpaw of the rat produce increases in opioid peptides localized to the lumbar spinal cord. Alterations in dynorphin in neurons located in the brain stem will be used to assess the extent of rhinosinusitis. In this model, increased dynorphin should be localized to areas of termination of the primary afferent fibers innervating the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Two immediate benefits will result from this research. First, information describing the innervation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses will provide the clinician with a more complete understanding of the reasons why different clinical pathologies often exhibit similar symptoms. For example, projections to the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract described in this research probably will overlap with projections, already described in the literature, from other structures. This convergence of different central projections may provide an explanation for the difficulty patients have in localizing different facial pains. Second, developing a model of rhinosinusitis in the rat to help evaluate the role of the nervous system in this inflammatory process will lead to pharmacological interventions, which are both safer and more effective than those available currently, for the treatment of rhinosinusitis.