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Energy and Low Income Tropical Housing

能源和低收入热带住房

基本信息

批准号：
EP/L002604/1
负责人：
Terence Haydn THOMAS
金额：
$ 96.32万
依托单位：
University of Warwick
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FL002604%2F1
关键词：
Energy Low Income Tropical Housing

项目摘要

This research programme is intended to identify, and then begin to propagate, methods of reducing the energy consumption of low-income housing in tropical countries. The topic of 'energy efficient', 'sustainable' or 'eco' housing has attracted huge interest in Europe and rich countries generally since about 1990. This has lead to new designs, materials, publications and regulations. However for tropical housing, whose energy usage is not dominated by winter heating, very little has been done to make them more energy-sustainable. Now however the consequences of its often-poor design are beginning to bite. Living standards and populations are rising yet resources like land, timber and fuels are shrinking. The cost of housing and of energy imports is therefore rising, infrastructure is over-stretched, deforestation continues, the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide continues to rise dangerously.Starting with recent European experience, tropical vernacular architecture and building physics, many designs will be assessed, short-listed ones analysed in greater detail and a few selected for more detailed testing and dissemination/demonstration.Energy is used in creating houses and again in occupying them. The programme is therefore divided into separate studies of how good design can reduce 'use' energy and reduce 'embodied' energy. Energy savings in turn generate cost savings (of particular interest to the poor) and greenhouse gas savings (of global benefit).Included within the study of reducing use energy will be a specific examination of low-cost ways of improving (indoor) thermal comfort and combating occasional heat crises. Global warming and rapid urbanization are both likely to exacerbate overheating. One of the four tropical partners (Thailand) has a particularly severe humid-tropical climate. The programme will concentrate on how good building design can achieve 'passive' cooling or reduce the energy needed for 'active' cooling.Within the study of embodied energy, the programme will identify scope for reducing the energy intensity of building materials by changes in their method of production. This is particularly needed in Africa, where two of the partners are located. So there the programme will conclude with piloting the training of artisanal manufacturers in less energy-intensive methods of producing building materials. Local builders will also be trained in better methods of their assembly and of being more sparing in their use of materials. Thus for example walling can be made less energy-intensive both by changes in architecture, by innovations in brick-making and by use of interlocking rather than cement to assemble them. The artisanal training has the objective of substantially reducing the cost and the embodied energy in low-cost housing. This in turn can improve access to housing and increase employment in building.Three other channels for improving energy efficiency in housing will be explored, namely the updating of Building Codes which are sometimes applicable to cheap housing, the updating of architectural education and improving the 'sustainability' understanding of policy makers in the housing sector.The project partnership comprises two institutions in moderately prosperous East Asian countries, two in much poorer East African countries and two in UK with long-term involvement in technologies for international development. Five institutions are universities, one is a building research agency. The active partners have skills in housing construction, architecture, town planning, engineering and policy formulation.

这项研究方案的目的是确定并开始宣传减少热带国家低收入住房能源消耗的方法。自1990年以来，“节能”、“可持续”或“生态”住房的话题在欧洲和富裕国家引起了极大的兴趣。这导致了新的设计、材料、出版物和法规。然而，对于能源使用不以冬季供暖为主的热带住房来说，在使其更具能源可持续性方面做得很少。然而现在，其糟糕的设计开始产生影响。生活水平和人口正在上升，但土地、木材和燃料等资源正在减少。因此，住房和能源进口的成本正在上升，基础设施过度紧张，森林砍伐继续，大气中的二氧化碳水平继续危险地上升。从最近的欧洲经验，热带乡土建筑和建筑物理学开始，许多设计将被评估，对入围名单进行了更详细的分析，并选择了一些进行更详细的测试和传播/能源被用于建造房屋，并再次用于居住房屋。因此，该计划被分为不同的研究，研究良好的设计如何减少“使用”能源和减少“体现”能源。节约能源反过来又能节省成本（对穷人特别有利）和减少温室气体（对全球有利），减少使用能源的研究将具体审查改善（室内）热舒适和防止偶尔热危机的低成本方法。全球变暖和快速城市化都可能加剧经济过热。四个热带伙伴之一（泰国）的热带潮湿气候特别恶劣。该计划将集中于如何良好的建筑设计可以实现“被动”冷却或减少“主动”冷却所需的能源。在内含能源的研究中，该计划将确定通过改变其生产方法来降低建筑材料的能源强度的范围。非洲尤其需要这样做，因为有两个伙伴就在那里。因此，该方案最后将对手工制造商进行能源密集度较低的建筑材料生产方法的试点培训。当地建筑商也将接受培训，学习更好的组装方法和更节约地使用材料。例如，通过改变建筑结构、创新制砖技术以及使用联锁而不是水泥来组装墙体，可以降低墙体的能源密集度。手工艺培训的目标是大幅度降低低成本住房的成本和能源消耗。这反过来又可以改善获得住房的机会，增加建筑业的就业机会，将探讨提高住房能源效率的其他三个渠道，即更新有时适用于廉价住房的《建筑法规》，更新建筑教育和提高住房部门决策者对“可持续性”的理解。该项目伙伴关系包括两个中等繁荣的东亚机构，两个在贫穷得多的东非国家，两个在英国，长期参与国际发展技术。五个机构是大学，一个是建筑研究机构。积极的合作伙伴拥有住房建设、建筑、城市规划、工程和政策制定方面的技能。