EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FETAL DEATH AND PESTICIDE EXPOSURE

这项研究的主要目标是确定胎儿丧失是否 与母亲接触杀虫剂有关。无论是环境还是 将对职业暴露进行评估。次要目标包括 孕前或孕期农药暴露情况的测定 是最重要的。研究设计为“病例对照”，病例 该州的农业县有报告胎儿死亡吗？ 加利福尼亚州，而对照组是相同数量的正常活产儿 同样的县。将对100种最常用的杀虫剂进行检查， 加上那些被认为具有致畸/诱变潜力的杀虫剂 都不在前100名之列。 出于几个原因，加利福尼亚州提供了一个独特的机会 研究胎儿死亡与杀虫剂之间的关系。第一, 农业是一个主要产业，农药使用量很大。第二， 该州有按地理位置分列的农药使用历史数据。 此数据特定于小的地理单位，如乡镇和 一节。第三，在加利福尼亚州，胎儿死亡一直是可报告的死亡 自1940年代以来，S的死胎证明中包含 母亲的地址，职业和行业，种族，以前的人数 流产和其他有用的信息。由于这些记录包含 母亲的地址，他们可以链接到前面提到的 农药数据，以确定哪些农药(以及多少数量)是 在怀孕前和怀孕期间在她的住所附近申请。问卷调查 将被送到病例和对照母亲那里收集关于 职业性农药暴露和其他危险因素，如吸烟， 酒精、社会经济地位和职业暴露 杀虫剂。混杂因素将在分析中考虑在内 接触杀虫剂。

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether fetal loss is associated with maternal exposure to pesticides. Both environmental and occupational exposures will be assessed. Secondary objectives include determination of whether pesticide exposures prior to or during pregnancy are most important. The study design will be "case-control", where cases are fetal deaths reported in agricultural counties in the state of California, and controls are an equal number of normal live births in the same counties. The 100 most commonly used pesticides will be examined, plus those pesticides thought to have teratogenic/mutagenic potential that are not in the top 100 list. For several reasons, the state of California offers a unique opportunity for study of the relationship between fetal death and pesticides. First, agriculture is a major industry, with heavy use of pesticides. Second, the state has historical data on pesticide usage by geographical location. This data is specific for small geographical units such as township and section. Third, fetal deaths have been reportable deaths in California since the 1940's, with the certificates of fetal death containing the mother's address, occupation and industry, ethnicity, number of previous miscarriages, and other useful information. Since these records contain the mother's address, they can be linked to the previously mentioned pesticide data to determine which (and in what quantities) pesticides were applied near her residence before and during pregnancy. Questionnaires will be sent to case and control mothers to gather information about occupational pesticide exposures and other risk factors such smoking, alcohol, socioeconomic status, and occupational exposures other than to pesticides. Confounding factors will be accounted for in the analysis of pesticide exposure.