PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH AMONG OLDER MEN

拟议的五年计划侧重于 心理社会因素与晚年身体健康。该项目是 鼎足而三。研究I是一项前瞻性纵向研究 检查结构性心理社会因素(人格、社会 整合和认知可以预测发病率(高血压、冠心病和 癌症)和各种原因造成的死亡率。这项研究将利用 来自标准化老龄化研究(NAS)的预先存在的数据，纵向， 一项生物医学研究，对2280名男性进行了25年的跟踪调查 好几年了。这是该项目的一个特别有利的数据集，因为 所有男性在进入这项研究之前都接受了疾病筛查， 因为它包括身体健康的详细临床指标， 以及个性认知和社交数据。此外，结果还包括 实验室检查和医生检查均可用于此 免费项目。使用比例风险模型控制 标准的危险因素，我们将确定：(1)这些心理社会因素 年龄一般的危险因素或特定疾病的因素；(2) 不同的心理社会之间是否存在独立或重叠 健康的预测因素；以及(3)是否存在显著的相互作用 在疾病预测中人格和危险因素之间的关系。 第二项研究将考察心理社会和社会心理之间的关系 过程因素(压力和应对)和疾病过程(例如， 显性疾病的先兆，如血压和胆固醇 级别)。需要解决的主要问题包括：(1)哪种类型的 压力(生活事件、麻烦或感觉到的/直接的压力)相关 与疾病进程措施。(2)以及是否有直接、 心理社会过程变量之间是否存在缓冲关系 (压力和应对)和疾病过程变量。将数据组合在一起 研究1和研究2，第三个研究将检验三个假设的机制 心理社会结构性因素通过哪些因素影响身体健康 结果：(A)通过对疾病过程的直接病因学影响； (B)通过影响健康的行为习惯；和/或(C)通过 促进或改变压力的影响。

The proposed five-year project focusses on the relationship between psychosocial factors and physical health in late life. The project is divided into three parts. Study I is a prospective, longitudinal study examining whether structural psychosocial factors (personality, social integration, and cognition can predict morbidity (hypertension, CHD, and cancer) and mortality from all causes. This study will utilize preexisting data from the Normative Aging Study (NAS), a longitudinal, biomedical study which has been following a panel of 2,280 men for 25 years. This is a particularly advantageous data set for this project, as all men were screened for absence of disease before entry into the study, and because it includes detailed clinical indicators of physical health, along with personality cognitive, and social data. Further, results of the laboratory tests and physician examinations are available to this project at no cost. Using proportional hazards models controlling for standard risk factors, we will determine: (1) whether these psychosocial factors age general risk factors or specific to particular diseases; (2) if there is independence or overlap among different psychosocial predictors of health; and (3) if there are significant interactions between personality and risk factors int he prediction of disease. The second study will examine the relationship between psychosocial process factors (stress and coping) and disease processes (e.g., precursors of overt disease such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels). The major issues to be addressed include: (1) which type of stress (life events, hassles, or perceived/immediate stress) correlates with the disease process measures., (2) and whether there are direct, buffering or no relationships between psychosocial process variables (stress and coping) and disease process variables. Combining data from Studies 1 and 2, the third study will test three hypothesized mechanisms by which psychosocial structural factors can affect physical health outcomes: (a) through direct etiological effects on disease processes; (b) through effects on health behavior habits; and/or (c) through promoting or modifying the effects of stress.