BREAST IMAGING USING PICOSECOND PULSES OF LIGHT

使用皮秒光脉冲进行乳房成像

• 批准号: 3460172
• 负责人: JEREMY C HEBDEN
• 金额: $ 6.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-05-14 至 1992-11-02
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3460172
• 关键词: adult human (21+); breast neoplasm /cancer diagnosis; cancer risk; clinical biomedical equipment; clinical trials; computer simulation; diagnosis quality /standard; female; human subject; infrared radiation; lasers; mammography; mass screening; phantom model

The American Cancer Society claims that there is a lifetime incidence of breast cancer in the United States of about one woman in eleven. A significant reduction in mortality would be gained by regular screening for all asymptomatic women, particularly for those most at risk. The long term objective of this research is the development of a device which is able to detect minimal cancers in the human breast using harmless doses of visible or near-infrared radiation. Because of small, but finite hazards associated with exposure to x-rays, a breast cancer screening method that uses non-ionizing radiation would be of considerable clinical benefit, particularly if it demonstrated a diagnostic performance equivalent to or better than x-ray mammography. Because of the overwhelming scatter of light through soft tissue, the spatial resolution performance of current breast transillumination methods is extremely poor. No light can penetrate a human breast without considerable scatter. However, it is proposed to investigate the merits and limitations of various schemes for producing high-resolution images using the small amount of transmitted radiation that is scattered through the breast along a path close to the straight line between the radiation source and the detector. The imaging method involves recording and discriminating between the times-of-flight of all transmitted photons, and using a fraction of the light with the shortest travel times to construct an image through the breast. The two major components of an imaging system are a picosecond pulse laser, and a streak camera. The photons within a single laser pulse incident upon the surface of a breast will be scattered throughout the tissue, and the streak camera measures the intensity of the transmitted light as a function of time. The photons detected first will have been deviated least from the optical axis. The intensity measured over some very small period of time after the photons first emerge from the tissue will be dependent upon the absorption properties of the tissue contained within some narrow volume element surrounding the optical axis. A single projection image may then be constructed by translating the optical axis in two dimensions over the surface of the breast. Preliminary experiments have dramatically illustrated the potential of time-of-flight imaging. The primary objectives are to develop and test a number of proposed imaging schemes, and to produce a prototype device capable of achieving single projection transmission images with a spatial resolution of a few millimeters or better. In addition, the same experimental arrangement will be used to explore methods of obtaining slice images through a breast using computed tomography.

美国癌症协会声称，有终生发病率 在美国，大约每11名女性中就有一名患乳腺癌。一个 通过定期筛查，死亡率将显著降低 所有没有症状的女性，特别是那些风险最高的女性。从长远来看 这项研究的目的是开发一种能够 使用无害剂量的可见光检测人类乳房中的微小癌症 或近红外辐射。因为小而有限的危险 与暴露于X光有关，一种乳腺癌筛查方法， 使用非电离辐射将会有相当大的临床益处， 尤其是如果它显示的诊断性能相当于或 比X光乳房X光照相好。 由于光线在软组织中的强烈散射， 常用乳房透照方法的空间分辨率表现 是极其贫穷的。没有光可以穿透人类的乳房 相当分散。然而，建议调查其是非曲直。 以及用于产生高分辨率图像的各种方案的局限性 使用散布在其中的少量透过的辐射 乳房沿着一条接近辐射之间直线的路径 信号源和探测器。成像方法包括记录和 区分所有传输的光子的飞行时间，以及 使用旅行时间最短的一小部分光来建造 透过乳房的影像。成像系统的两个主要组件 是一台皮秒脉冲激光器和一台条纹相机。一个物体内的光子 入射到乳房表面的单个激光脉冲将被散射 在整个组织中，条纹相机测量 透射光作为时间的函数。最先探测到的光子将 与光轴的偏差最小。测量到的强度 在光子第一次出现后的一段很短的时间内 组织将取决于组织的吸收特性 包含在围绕光轴的某个窄体积元件内。 然后，可以通过将 乳房表面上的二维光轴。初步 实验已经戏剧性地展示了飞行时间的潜力 成像。 主要目标是开发和测试一些拟议的成像 方案，并生产出一种能够实现单次 具有几个空间分辨率的投影透射式图像 毫米或更高。此外，同样的实验安排将 用来探索通过乳房获得切片图像的方法 计算机断层扫描。

项目成果

Evaluating the spatial resolution performance of a time-resolved optical imaging system.

评估时间分辨光学成像系统的空间分辨率性能。

• DOI: 10.1118/1.596826
• 发表时间: 1992
• 期刊: Medical physics
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Hebden,JC