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Experimental implications of new developments in quantum thermodynamic theory

量子热力学理论新发展的实验意义

基本信息

批准号：
EP/M009165/1
负责人：
Janet Anders
金额：
$ 12.78万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM009165%2F1
关键词：
Experimental implications new developments quantum

项目摘要

Thermodynamics is a phenomenological theory that allows the investigation of equilibrium properties of macroscopic objects. Based on fundamental measurable quantities - heat and work - it provides a universal framework to study the conversion of different forms of energy. Introduced at the beginning of the industrial revolution, to analyse and improve the performance of the newly invented steam engine, it has been successfully applied ever since to design a great variety of useful devices, from car engines and fridges to power plants and solar cells. Now technological progress is increasingly miniaturising to the nanoscale and into the quantum regime where thermal fluctuations compete with quantum fluctuations.Detailed mathematical and practical knowledge of quantum thermodynamic processes that can support these advances is however not well-established. Only recently have a number of theoretical developments, pursued by different communities and with different methods, started to fill this gap with breakthroughs in non-equilibrium quantum fluctuation relations, single shot thermodynamics and thermodynamic resource theory. The key aim of the project is to identify how these disparate theoretical approaches fit together, what experimental predictions they imply, and to generalise them to general quantum processes whenever possible. This is an essential step towards a unified theoretical framework for quantum thermodynamics that can underpin future technological development at the nanoscale that promise to have applications from computer chips to medicine.

热力学是一种现象学理论，可以研究宏观物体的平衡特性。基于基本的可测量量（热量和功），它提供了研究不同形式能量转换的通用框架。它在工业革命之初被引入，用于分析和改进新发明的蒸汽机的性能，此后已成功应用于设计各种有用的设备，从汽车发动机和冰箱到发电厂和太阳能电池。现在，技术进步越来越小型化到纳米级，并进入热涨落与量子涨落竞争的量子领域。然而，支持这些进步的量子热力学过程的详细数学和实践知识尚未得到充分证实。直到最近，不同团体以不同方法追求的一些理论发展才开始填补这一空白，在非平衡量子涨落关系、单次热力学和热力学资源理论方面取得突破。该项目的主要目标是确定这些不同的理论方法如何组合在一起，它们意味着什么实验预测，并尽可能将它们推广到一般的量子过程。这是迈向量子热力学统一理论框架的重要一步，该框架可以支撑未来纳米尺度的技术发展，有望应用于从计算机芯片到医学的各个领域。