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Research on Nuclear Data measurements and evaluations for nuclear fission energy.

核裂变能核数据测量与评估研究。

基本信息

批准号：
EP/N00700X/1
负责人：
Tobias Wright
金额：
$ 31.44万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN00700X%2F1
关键词：
Research Nuclear Data measurements evaluations

项目摘要

Nuclear fission is one of the most effective energy production methods available today. It provides a virtually carbon free, powerful and steady energy source capable of producing base load electricity and current research is serving to improve the safety, waste management and completeness of this energy source. Underlying all aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle is an understanding of the physics governing the many processes involved throughout. Many of these physical processes require accurate nuclear data, that is physical numbers to model and predict to a very high level the workings on a fundamental scale. The goal of research in the field of nuclear data is to provide data which can describe these nuclear processes as accurately as possible.Neutron cross sections describe the interaction probability of a neutron with a specific nuclide as a function of the incoming neutron's energy and are used within many nuclear data applications. These complex interactions cannot be predicted and therefore accurate cross sections must be found through experiment. Commonly, a source of neutrons with a wide range of energies is used to perform cross section measurements using the time-of-flight technique, where the energy of the neutron is determined by the time it takes to travel down a set flight path. This research will be mostly based at the neutron time-of-flight facility, n_TOF, at CERN, where high precision cross section measurements will be performed, allowing the nuclear data users (the nuclear industry) to more accurately model and understand the many processes throughout the fuel cycle.One aspect of this research will be to accurately measure the radiative capture cross section of C-13, an isotope found in 1.1% of natural carbon. The C-13(n,gamma)C-14 production rate is poorly known, yet determines the amount of radioactive C-14 within irradiated graphite, of which the UK has approximately 96,000 metric tonnes. New detection techniques, sample availability and experimental facilities will allow this quantity to be measured to a higher level of accuracy than previously, aiding future waste disposal and decommissioning of the UK's graphite moderated reactor fleet.This research will also aid in planned measurements with the Spectrometer for Exotic Fission Fragments (STEFF) at the n_TOF facility, where STEFF will measure the energy and multiplicity of the gamma-rays emitted during the nuclear fission process. These gamma-rays are responsible for significant (10%) heat production in the nuclear reactor and currently the data available is of a relatively low quality. STEFF will utilise the new, second experimental area at n_TOF where it will be placed in a relatively high flux neutron beam. This shall allow many aspects of the neutron fission process to be investigated as a function of neutron energy, particularly at high (MeV) neutron energies. Finally, the research will allow specific UK requirements to be addressed in the field of nuclear data by collaborating with industry and the UK Nuclear Science Forum (UKNSF).

核裂变是当今最有效的能源生产方法之一。它提供了一种几乎无碳，强大和稳定的能源，能够产生基本负荷电力，目前的研究正在改善这种能源的安全性，废物管理和完整性。核燃料循环的所有方面都是对贯穿其中的许多过程的物理学的理解。这些物理过程中的许多都需要精确的核数据，即物理数字，以在基本尺度上对工作进行非常高水平的建模和预测。核数据领域的研究目标是提供尽可能准确地描述这些核过程的数据。中子截面描述了中子与特定核素的相互作用概率，作为入射中子能量的函数，并在许多核数据应用中使用。这些复杂的相互作用无法预测，因此必须通过实验找到准确的横截面。通常，具有宽能量范围的中子源被用于使用飞行时间技术来执行截面测量，其中中子的能量由其沿设定飞行路径行进所花费的时间来确定。这项研究将主要基于欧洲核子研究中心的中子飞行时间设施n_TOF，在那里将执行高精度截面测量，使核数据用户（核工业）能够更准确地模拟和理解整个燃料循环的许多过程。这项研究的一个方面将是准确测量C-13的辐射捕获截面，C-13是一种在1.1%的天然碳中发现的同位素。C-13（n，gamma）C-14的生产率知之甚少，但决定了辐照石墨中放射性C-14的数量，其中英国约有96，000公吨。新的探测技术、样品可用性和实验设施将使这一数量的测量达到比以前更高的准确度，有助于未来的废物处理和英国石墨慢化反应堆舰队的退役。这项研究还将有助于在n_TOF设施中使用外来裂变碎片光谱仪（STEFF）进行计划中的测量，STEFF将测量核裂变过程中发射的伽马射线的能量和多重性。这些伽马射线是核反应堆中产生大量（10%）热量的原因，目前可用的数据质量相对较低。STEFF将利用n_TOF的新的第二个实验区域，在那里它将被放置在相对高通量的中子束中。这将允许中子裂变过程的许多方面作为中子能量的函数进行研究，特别是在高（MeV）中子能量下。最后，该研究将通过与工业界和英国核科学论坛（UKNSF）合作，满足英国在核数据领域的具体要求。