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Nuclear Data Measurements for Advanced Nuclear Technologies

先进核技术的核数据测量

基本信息

批准号：
EP/W011697/1
负责人：
Tobias Wright
金额：
$ 108.55万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FW011697%2F1
关键词：
Nuclear Data Measurements Advanced Technologies

项目摘要

The process of nuclear fission has been exploited as a virtually carbon-free energy source for many decades and it is set to play a major role within future global energy supplies. Advanced Nuclear Technologies are being developed which will serve to provide cheaper, safer and more efficient energy from nuclear fission. These advanced technologies will use new forms of nuclear fuel and designs of reactor which bring inherent technical and scientific challenges which must be tackled to ensure success. Specifically, a complete understanding of the physics governing the many processes involved within these technologies must be obtained. This understanding will come from detailed simulations and calculations and underlying these are the input nuclear data. These nuclear data quantify all the associated nuclear reactions that occur and govern the functionality of these systems. These data sets typically arise from detailed experiments which measure individual quantities to appropriate accuracies. This fellowship shall carry out nuclear data measurements of priority for Advanced Nuclear Technologies. Specifically, measurements of neutron induced fission, scattering and capture cross section measurements will be performed using a variety of techniques and experimental facilities.Neutron cross sections describe the interaction probability of a neutron with a specific nuclide as a function of the incoming neutron's energy and are a key nuclear data input for many applications. These complex interactions cannot be predicted and therefore accurate cross sections must be found through experiment. In order to obtain the required data for advanced technologies, new experimental techniques and facilities must be developed and commissioned.Firstly, neutron fission cross sections will be measured using a novel and innovative technique utilising transfer induced fission in inverse kinematics. Using exotic actinide beams at the ISOLDE, CERN facility the probability of fission and thus the cross section will be extracted using a new detection system based around the ISOLDE Solenoidal Spectrometer. This technique has the advantage that the isotope under study is in the form of a radioactive beam rather than a fixed target, allowing the cross sections of very short-lived and rare isotopes to be studied. Secondly, neutron scattering cross sections will be measured at VESUVIO, ISIS where a sophisticated neutron spectroscopy setup already exists however has yet to be exploited for nuclear data measurements of importance for Advanced Nuclear Technologies.Finally, neutron capture cross section measurements will be performed at facilities such as the world-leading neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF, CERN which boasts the most intense pulsed-neutron source in the world and GELINA, JRC-GEEL where neutron cross section standards are measured.Within these themes, the common goal and output will be the provision of nuclear data to specifically meet the UK's requirements to aid in the development and delivery of cutting-edge and world-leading Advanced Nuclear Technologies.

几十年来，核裂变过程一直被用作一种几乎无碳的能源，它将在未来的全球能源供应中发挥重要作用。正在开发先进的核技术，这些技术将有助于从核裂变中提供更便宜、更安全和更有效的能源。这些先进技术将使用新形式的核燃料和反应堆设计，这带来了固有的技术和科学挑战，必须加以解决才能确保成功。具体地说，必须对支配这些技术中涉及的许多过程的物理学有一个完整的了解。这种理解将来自详细的模拟和计算，这些计算的基础是输入的核数据。这些核数据量化了发生的所有相关核反应，并管理着这些系统的功能。这些数据集通常来自详细的实验，这些实验测量单个数量以达到适当的精度。该研究金将执行先进核技术优先的核数据测量。具体地说，中子诱发裂变、散射和俘获截面的测量将使用各种技术和实验设施进行。中子截面描述了作为入射中子能量的函数的中子与特定核素的相互作用几率，是许多应用的关键核数据输入。这些复杂的相互作用是无法预测的，因此必须通过实验找到准确的横截面。为了获得先进技术所需的数据，必须开发和调试新的实验技术和设备。首先，将使用一种新的创新技术来测量中子裂变截面，该技术利用逆运动学中的转移诱导裂变。在欧洲核子研究中心的Isolde设施中使用奇异的鳗系元素束，将使用基于Isolde螺线管谱仪的新探测系统来提取裂变的概率，从而提取横截面。这项技术的优点是，正在研究的同位素是放射性束流的形式，而不是固定的靶子，可以研究非常短暂和稀有的同位素的横截面。其次，在维苏维奥，ISIS将测量中子散射截面，那里已经存在复杂的中子谱装置，但尚未被用于对先进核技术具有重要意义的核数据测量。最后，将在世界领先的中子飞行时间设施n_TOF，拥有世界上最强的脉冲中子源的CERN和测量中子截面标准的JRC-Geel的Gelina，进行中子俘获截面测量。共同的目标和产出将是提供核数据，以具体满足英国的要求，帮助开发和交付尖端和世界领先的先进核技术。