IMPROVING DESIGN FOR SAFETY: A WEB-BASED DESIGN FOR SAFETY CAPABILITY MATURITY INDICATOR (DFS-CMI) TOOL FOR THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

据估计，全球建筑业每年造成10万人死亡，约占所有致命职业伤害的30-40%。在英国，尽管建筑业只占英国劳动力的5%左右，但它却占雇员职业致命伤害的31%。建筑业中的受伤和新的健康不良病例每年给社会造成超过11亿英镑的损失。建筑造成的伤害和疾病的直接和间接费用不仅由受害者及其家属承担，而且由受害者的雇主、建筑客户、整个行业和政府承担。由于建筑部门不值得羡慕的健康和安全记录所造成的社会经济影响，正在努力改善建筑业的健康和安全。这些努力中最突出的是强调通过设计减轻或消除健康和安全风险，这在建筑中通常被称为安全设计（DfS）。DfS的重要性在于设计对施工中事故、伤害和疾病的发生有很大的影响。DfS要求设计师（例如建筑师和工程师）仔细考虑他们的设计决策将如何影响建筑商，维护工人和建筑资产使用者的健康和安全。在英国，《2015年建筑（设计和管理）条例》（CDM 2015）规定，设计师（组织/个人）在准备或修改设计时，应消除、减少或控制在建筑、维护和使用建筑资产期间可能出现的可预见风险。因此，可以理解的是，CDM 2015还要求任命具有设计责任的组织应基于其能力。这就突出了设计公司在DfS能力方面具有足够成熟度的重要问题。虽然一些设计公司在DfS能力方面可能已经达到了一定的成熟度，但其他公司也存在不足。虽然在建筑领域对DfS的研究越来越多，但对DfS能力的构成缺乏深入的了解。此外，也没有旨在了解与DfS能力相关的成熟度水平的研究。因此，缺乏一个强大的系统的方法来确定设计责任的施工组织的DfS能力成熟度，为DfS能力的提高铺平道路。借用流行的格言，“如果你不能衡量它，你不能改善它”，并考虑到设计的重要性，健康和安全，本研究将开发一个基于Web的DfS能力成熟度指标（DfS-CMI）工具，这将提供一个强大的和系统的方法来诊断的DfS能力的建筑和工程设计的建筑供应链组织。研究将采用专家组技术和信通技术工具开发和测试程序。DfS-CMI工具将作为一个强大的流程改进工具，使建筑、工程设计和施工公司能够提高其DfS能力。该工具还将提供一种机制，用于确定CDM 2015法规下组织的DfS能力。

The global construction sector is estimated to account for 100,000 fatalities annually and about 30-40% of all fatal occupational injuries. In the UK, although the construction sector accounts for only approximately 5% of the workforce in Britain, it accounts for a disproportionate 31% of occupational fatal injuries to employees. Injuries and new cases of ill health in construction cost society over £1.1 billion a year. The direct and indirect costs of injuries and illnesses resulting from construction are not only borne by the victims and their families, but also by the victims' employers, the construction client, the industry as a whole, and the government. Due to the socio-economic impacts of the unenviable health and safety record of the construction sector, there are efforts to improve health and safety in construction. Prominent amongst the efforts has been the emphasis on mitigating or eliminating health and safety risks through design, which is commonly referred to in construction as design for safety (DfS). The importance of DfS rests on the fact that design contributes significantly to the occurrence of accidents, injuries and illnesses in construction. DfS requires that designers (e.g. architects and engineers) give careful consideration to how their design decisions would affect the health and safety of builders, maintenance workers, and users of built assets. In the UK, DfS is mandatory under the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) which stipulate that designers (organisations/individuals), when preparing or modifying designs, should eliminate, reduce or control foreseeable risks that may arise during the construction, maintenance and use of built assets. Consequently and understandably, CDM 2015 also requires that the appointment of organisations with design responsibilities should be based on their capability. This brings to the fore the important issue of design firms having adequate maturity in terms of DfS capability. Whilst some design firms may have attained some appreciable maturity in terms of DfS capability, others will also be deficient. Whilst there is a growing body of research on DfS in construction, there is lacking an in-depth understanding of what constitute DfS capability. Furthermore, neither has there been research aimed at understanding the maturity levels related to DfS capability. Consequently, there is lacking a robust systematic approach for ascertaining the DfS capability maturity of construction organisations with design responsibilities to pave way for improvements in DfS capability. Borrowing from the popular maxim that, "If you can't measure it, you can't improve it", and considering the significance of design to health and safety, this research will develop a web-based DfS capability maturity indicator (DfS-CMI) tool which will offer a robust and systematic approach for diagnosing the DfS capability of construction supply chain organisations involved in architectural and engineering design. The research will employ an expert group technique and ICT tool development and testing processes. The DfS-CMI tool will serve as a robust process improvement tool to enable architectural, engineering design and construction firms to improve their DfS capability. The tool will also provide a mechanism for ascertaining the DfS capability of organisations under the CDM 2015 regulations.