Improving aviation safety through airport design

为了保护和保证飞机的安全运行，机场的设计符合安全标准，包括从跑道向周围发出的虚拟表面。这种表面通常延伸到机场财产之外，是地面上突出障碍物的上限，从而为在机场上空和附近飞行的飞机提供了一个受保护的空间。 加拿大目前采用的机场设计标准是以国际民用航空组织(ICAO)的标准为基础的，加拿大是该组织的成员国。从历史上看，加拿大在国际民航组织中一直发挥着领导作用，不仅因为它主办了国际民航组织--国际民航组织的总部设在加拿大的蒙特利尔市--而且还通过为国际民航组织标准的制定提供重要的技术贡献。 国际民航组织的机场设计标准最早是在1940年代的S制定的，1951年公布了芝加哥公约的附件14。从那时起，它经历了几次审查和修改，现在是第四版。然而，这些标准中的大多数仍然基于20世纪40年代S时期存在的飞机技术。自那以来，不仅这项技术得到了发展，而且机场的需求增长了许多倍，而且一直被城市包围，这使得扩建变得极其困难和昂贵。 这项研究将评估现有机场设计标准的有效性和适用性，建议在现有标准不适用于目前服役的飞机的情况下制定新的标准。预期的结果是机场设计标准，维持或改善目前飞机运营的安全水平，同时允许更有效地利用机场内和周围的土地。

In order to protect and guarantee the safe operation of aircraft, airports are designed to safety standards that include virtual surfaces emanating from the runways to its surroundings. Such surfaces, which often extend beyond the airport property, are meant to be the upper limit for obstacles protruding from the ground, thus providing a protected space for aircraft flying above and near the airport. The existing airport design standards applied in Canada are based on those by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), of which Canada is a state member. Historically, Canada has had a leading role at ICAO, not only by hosting it - ICAO's headquarters are located in Montreal, QC - but also by providing significant technical contributions to the development of ICAO standards. ICAO's airport design standards were first developed in the 1940's, with Annex 14 to the Chicago Convention being published in 1951. Since then, it has undergone several reviews and ammendments, and it is now in its fourth edition. However, most of those standards are still based on the aircraft technology that existed in the 1940's. Since then, not only has that technology evolved, but also airports have seen a manyfold increase in demand and have been surrounded by cities, making it extremely difficult and expensive to expand. This research will evaluate the current validity and applicability of the existing standards for airport design, suggesting new standards where the existing ones are found to be inadequate for aircraft currently in service. The expected results are airport design standards that maintain or improve the current level of safety in aircraft operations, while allowing for a more efficient use of land in and around airport property.