HI-PROSPECTS - HIgh resolution PRinting Of Solar Photovoltaic EleCTrode Structures

HI-PROSPECTS - 太阳能光伏电极结构的高分辨率打印

• 批准号: EP/N509905/1
• 负责人: Eifion Jewell
• 金额: $ 38.32万
• 依托单位: Swansea University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN509905%2F1
• 关键词: HI; PROSPECTS; resolution; PRinting; Solar

The research to be carried out by Swansea University is to understand the issues and develop solutions related to upscaling the near transparent copper grid to larger sizes. There is a significant challenge in this in that increases in sizebrings both scientific and engineering challenges. When scaling, issues such as substrate form (which can be ignored atsmall scale) become important, substrate stressing due to differential temperature profiles can lead to catastrophic failureand thus optimized curing / sintering at small scale will have to be refined as the substrate size increases. In addition thetolerance to defects and variations in deposit due to materials or processing conditions (some of which cannot becontrolled) may be insignificant at small scale but become significant as the substrate size increases. As well as processand material considerations, there are design consideration. As substrate size increases then there may be a need to alterthe nature of the deposited grid such that higher conductor density is required towards the centre of a cell / module as acharge generated at the centre of the cell will have a extended resistive path length to reach an electrode. The optimizationof this patterning and its impact is to be investigated in the work. Understanding these scale effects such that their impactcan be mitigated is critical in developing an engineering solution for large area processing of electrodes. The researchactivity will address the optimization of the line structure and geometry for large areas through modelling and in parallelperform install the system for experimental development of the ESJET over large areas. SPECIFIC will also provide lifetimetesting of the PV cells / modules manufactured in order to establish whether the copper grid has any detrimental / beneficialeffect on PV performance.In order to establish optimal grid patterning simulation software (such as PSPICE) will be used to model the geometriesand film thicknesses, their effect on the sheet resistance and its subsequent effect on performance of PV cells createdusing the fine copper patterning. This will take material data from the lab trials and estimate the geometric design andprocess windows.The clean room facilities at SPECIFIC provide an ideal test environment where glass substrate > 1m2 are routinely printedusing conventional printing techniques. The second main research activity is design and install a larger scale ESJETsystem on the glass processing line at SPECIFIC and demonstrate that the copper can be deposited to the substrate overa large area and that this substrate can be used to create a large area PV cell. This will establish the design of theinstallation based on operational / material tolerances, physical layout requirements and operational processing issues. Tocompliment the deposition requirements of the ESJET copper, the sintering process which will need to be designed andimplemented. This provides additional challenges in terms of maintaining consistent energy distributions (thermal andphotonic) over a large area. Such a development is non trivial having to take account many complex interacting parameterssuch as photonic absorbance, differential thermal expansions, thermal properties and real world intensity variations.The performance and lifetime of the PV cells will be carried out in suite of PV characterization and lifetime testing facilitiesat SPECIFIC. The standards used for these tests (illumination, RH and temperature) will be determined from the relevantstandards and in house best practice with perovskite and OPV cells. Control samples using conventional TCOs, Ag grid &TCOs combinations will also be used to identify only those degradation routes which can be attributed to the presence ofthe copper grid.

斯旺西大学将进行的研究是了解问题，并开发与将近透明的铜网格扩大到更大尺寸有关的解决方案。这是一个重大的挑战，因为尺寸的增加带来了科学和工程方面的挑战。当缩放时，诸如基板形式（在小规模下可以忽略）等问题变得重要，由于温差曲线引起的基板应力可能导致灾难性故障，因此随着基板尺寸的增加，必须在小规模下优化固化/烧结。此外，由于材料或工艺条件（其中一些不能被控制），对存款中的缺陷和变化的容忍度在小规模时可能是微不足道的，但随着基板尺寸的增加而变得重要.除了工艺和材料方面的考虑，还有设计方面的考虑。随着衬底尺寸的增加，可能需要改变沉积的网格的性质，使得朝向电池/模块的中心需要更高的导体密度，因为在电池中心处产生的电荷将具有延伸的电阻路径长度以到达电极。这种模式的优化及其影响将在工作中进行调查。了解这些规模效应，从而减轻其影响，对于开发大面积电极加工的工程解决方案至关重要。研究活动将通过建模解决大面积线路结构和几何形状的优化问题，并同时安装系统，用于大面积ESJET的实验开发。SPECIFIC还将提供光伏电池/模块的寿命测试，以确定铜网格是否对光伏性能有任何有害/有害影响。为了建立最佳网格图案，将使用模拟软件（如PSPICE）来模拟几何形状和薄膜厚度，它们对薄层电阻的影响以及随后对使用精细铜图案制作的光伏电池性能的影响。这将从实验室试验中获取材料数据，并估计几何设计和工艺窗口。SPECIFIC的洁净室设施提供了理想的测试环境，其中使用常规印刷技术常规印刷> 1 m2的玻璃基板。第二个主要研究活动是在SPECIFIC的玻璃加工线上设计和安装一个更大规模的ESJET系统，并证明铜可以大面积沉积到基板上，并且该基板可以用于制造大面积光伏电池。这将根据操作/材料公差、物理布局要求和操作处理问题建立安装设计。为了满足ESJET铜的沉积要求，需要设计和实施烧结工艺。这在大面积上保持一致的能量分布（热和光子）方面提供了额外的挑战。这样的开发是不平凡的，必须考虑到许多复杂的相互作用的参数，如光子吸收，差异热膨胀，热性能和真实的世界强度变化。光伏电池的性能和寿命将在特定的光伏特性和寿命测试设施中进行。用于这些测试的标准（照明，RH和温度）将根据相关标准和钙钛矿和OPV电池的内部最佳实践确定。使用传统TCO、Ag网格和TCO组合的对照样品也将用于仅识别可归因于铜网格存在的那些降解途径。

项目成果

Photonic sintering of copper for rapid processing of thick film conducting circuits on FTO coated glass.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32044-2
• 发表时间: 2023-03-28
• 期刊: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Abbas, Bahaa;Jewell, Eifion;Lau, Yin Cheung;Searle, Justin;Claypole, Tim
• 通讯作者: Claypole, Tim

Geometrical optimization for high efficiency carbon perovskite modules

• DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.05.047
• 发表时间: 2019-07-15
• 期刊: SOLAR ENERGY
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Mouhamad, Y.;Meroni, S. M. P.;Jewell, E. H.
• 通讯作者: Jewell, E. H.

Blended Copper and Nano-Silver Screen-Printed Circuits on FTO-Coated Glass

• DOI: 10.1007/s11664-024-10962-9
• 发表时间: 2024-02-28
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Abbas，Bahaa;Jewell，Eifion;Searle，Justin
• 通讯作者: Searle，Justin

Thermal sintering of printable copper for enhanced conductivity of FTO coated glass substrates

• DOI: 10.1007/s10854-019-02358-x
• 发表时间: 2019-10-19
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Abbas, Bahaa;Mohammad, Youmna;Searle, Justin
• 通讯作者: Searle, Justin