50 NSEC ENCODING SR PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY DETECTORS

X射线晶体学是目前用于 研究生物蛋白质的结构。 已知这些蛋白质 在生化反应过程中呈现中间结构， 因为酶的活性和这些构象变化的细节是 对于精确理解化学物质之间的关系至关重要， 结构、物理拓扑和生物化学活性。 以来 中间状态是瞬态的，时间分辨晶体学是 需要研究它们。 将有足够的X射线通量， 下一代储存环进行这些研究的时间 在msec和nsec之间的范围内，只要集成2D检测器可以 它可以在100皮秒的X射线爆发之间的时间内读出 由储存环以大约100纳秒的间隔产生。 高质量 存在例如CCD形式的积分检测器，但是它们 受限于它们的顺序读出方案。 这项工作将解决这一问题 通过努力开发一个读出方案，可以读出所有的问题， 像素的2D检测器并行（1帧），并将其内容存储在 临时记忆，直到实验结束，大约100帧，当所有 可以在空闲时将数据传送到永久存储器。

X-ray crystallography is the principal technique currently employed to study the structure of biological proteins. These proteins are known to assume intermediate structures in the course of biochemical reactions such as enzyme activity and the details of these conformation changes are critical to a precise understanding of the relationships between chemical structure, physical topology and biochemical activity. Since the intermediate states are transient, time resolved crystallography is required to study them. There will be sufficient x-ray flux available at the next generation of storage rings to carry out these studies in the time regime between msec and nsec, provided that integrating 2D detectors can be devised which can be read out in the time between the 100 psec x-ray bursts produced by the storage ring at about 100 nsec intervals. High quality integrating detectors exist, in the form of CCDs for example, but they are limited by their sequential readout schemes. This work will address this problem by working to develop a readout scheme which can read out all the pixels of a 2D detector in parallel (1 frame) and store their contents in temporary memory until the end of an experiment, about 100 frames, when all the data can be transferred to permanent storage at leisure.