FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE EXPANDERS (NextORC)

有机兰金循环扩张剂的基础研究 (NextORC)

• 批准号: EP/P009131/1
• 负责人: Abdulnaser Sayma
• 金额: $ 84.18万
• 依托单位: City, University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FP009131%2F1
• 关键词: FUNDAMENTAL; STUDIES; ORGANIC; RANKINE; CYCLE

Commercial steam power plants pressurise and heat water to produce steam which is then expanded to produce electricity. However, using an organic fluid permits low temperature heat sources, typically between 80 and 350 degrees Celsius, to be converted into mechanical power more economically than steam. Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) therefore have a great potential to contribute to the UK's mix of low carbon technologies with promising applications such as combined heat and power, concentrated solar power and waste heat recovery from reciprocating engines and other industrial processes with waste heat streams. However, despite successful commercialisation of ORCs for industrial scale applications, more development is required at the commercial and domestic scales before its potential can be realised. More specifically, at these small-scales, the challenge lies in the design of systems that are efficient but are also low cost. One approach to achieving this is to develop systems that operate efficiently over a range of different conditions. This will enable the high-volume, low-cost production of ORC systems, enabling significant improvements in the economy-of-scale. Furthermore, at this scale, different expander technologies, such as turbo and screw expanders, and system architectures can be considered. However, it is not clear which expander technology or system architecture is the optimal choice to achieve the desired improvements in the economy-of-scale. To answer this question it is important to improve the understanding of how different ORC expanders perform across a wide range of operating conditions, and to investigate how these systems respond to changes in the working fluid.The focus of this proposal is to conduct original research to improve the fundamental understanding on the performance of two different types of ORC expander, namely turbo and screw expanders. Computational and experimental methods will be used to investigate the performance of these expanders across a wide range of operating conditions and with a variety of organic fluids. These studies must account for the complexities of using organic fluids that exhibit complex fluid behaviour not observed in conventional fluids such as air and steam, in addition to considering the high speed flows, and two-phase conditions that are expected in turbo and screw expanders respectively. Ultimately, the results from these studies will improve the existing scientific understanding, and will facilitate the development of new performance prediction methods for these expanders. Understanding these aspects will not only lead to improved performance prediction, but could also lead to improved component design in the future. Within this project the new prediction methods will be used to investigate and compare the performance of different expanders within different ORC system architectures. The results from these comparisons will enable the identification of the optimal systems that can operate across a wide range of operating conditions, and therefore best facilitate improvements in the economy-of-scale of small-scale ORC systems.The primary outcomes of this research will be improved fundamental understanding of the performance of ORC expanders and validated performance models for turbine and screw expanders. Furthermore, recommendations will be made on the most appropriate system configurations that offer improvements in the economy-of-scale, thus enhancing the future commercialisation of small-scale ORC technology. Therefore this project has the potential to stimulate investment and create new jobs within the low carbon energy market, whilst positively contributing to the UK's existing research portfolio in turbomachinery and screw expanders.

商业蒸汽发电厂对水加压和加热以产生蒸汽，然后膨胀以产生电力。然而，使用有机流体允许低温热源（通常在80摄氏度和350摄氏度之间）比蒸汽更经济地转换成机械动力。因此，有机朗肯循环（ORC）具有很大的潜力，可以为英国的低碳技术组合做出贡献，这些技术具有很好的应用前景，例如热电联产，集中太阳能发电和往复式发动机的废热回收以及其他具有废热流的工业过程。然而，尽管ORC在工业规模应用中成功商业化，但在实现其潜力之前，还需要在商业和国内规模上进行更多的开发。更具体地说，在这些小规模，挑战在于设计高效但成本低的系统。实现这一目标的一种方法是开发在一系列不同条件下有效运行的系统。这将实现ORC系统的大批量、低成本生产，从而显著提高规模经济性。此外，在这种规模下，可以考虑不同的膨胀机技术，例如涡轮膨胀机和螺杆膨胀机，以及系统架构。然而，目前尚不清楚哪种膨胀机技术或系统架构是实现规模经济的期望改进的最佳选择。为了回答这个问题，重要的是要提高不同的ORC膨胀机在各种操作条件下的性能的理解，并调查这些系统如何响应工作流体的变化。本提案的重点是进行原创性研究，以提高对两种不同类型的ORC膨胀机，即涡轮和螺杆膨胀机的性能的基本理解。计算和实验方法将被用来调查这些膨胀机的性能在广泛的操作条件和各种有机流体。这些研究必须考虑到使用有机流体的复杂性，这些有机流体表现出在传统流体（如空气和蒸汽）中观察不到的复杂流体行为，此外还必须考虑高速流动以及分别在涡轮膨胀机和螺杆膨胀机中预期的两相条件。最终，这些研究的结果将提高现有的科学认识，并将促进这些膨胀机的新的性能预测方法的发展。了解这些方面不仅可以改进性能预测，还可以改进未来的组件设计。在这个项目中，新的预测方法将用于调查和比较不同的ORC系统架构中的不同扩展器的性能。这些比较的结果将使识别的最佳系统，可以在广泛的操作条件下运行，因此最好地促进小规模的ORC系统的规模经济的改进。本研究的主要成果将是改善的ORC膨胀机和涡轮机和螺杆膨胀机的验证性能模型的性能的基本理解。此外，还将就最合适的系统配置提出建议，以提高规模经济性，从而促进小规模ORC技术的未来商业化。因此，该项目有可能刺激投资，并在低碳能源市场创造新的就业机会，同时为英国现有的螺杆膨胀机和螺杆膨胀机的研究组合做出积极贡献。

项目成果

Fluid selection for small-scale rankine cycle plants: Can you draw some lines in the sand?

小型朗肯循环装置的流体选择：你能在沙子上画一些线吗？

• DOI: 10.18462/iir.rankine.2020.1161
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Refrigeration Science and Technology
• 作者: White M.T.

Numerical Modelling and Experimental Validation of Twin-Screw Expanders

• DOI: 10.3390/en13184700
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Energies
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: K. Vimalakanthan;M. Read;A. Kovacevic

A Generalised Assessment of Working Fluids and Radial Turbines for Non-Recuperated Subcritical Organic Rankine Cycles

• DOI: 10.3390/en11040800
• 发表时间: 2018-03
• 期刊: Energies
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: M. White;A. Sayma

Making the case for cascaded organic Rankine cycles for waste-heat recovery

• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118912
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Energy
• 影响因子: 9
• 作者: M. White;M. Read;A. Sayma

A new method to identify the optimal temperature of latent-heat thermal-energy storage systems for power generation from waste heat

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119111
• 发表时间: 2020-03
• 期刊: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: M. White;A. Sayma