Superfluid 3He Far from Equilibrium
超流体 3He 远离平衡
基本信息
- 批准号:EP/P024203/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 146.79万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Fellowship
- 财政年份:2017
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2017 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
This fellowship proposal answers the EPSRC's call to tackle outstanding grand challenges in the areas of physics of systems far from equilibrium and physics of emergent phenomena. My vision is to approach these challenges by studying non-equilibrium phenomena in a well-known system with an established theoretical framework - superfluid 3He. Coherent condensates (or superfluids) are the simplest "complex" systems that we have, in that the condensate is governed by just one global wave function describing the whole macroscopic ensemble. This simplicity makes them ideal playgrounds for studying and testing ideas that cover a vast range of apparently unrelated physical systems from the subnuclear to the cosmological. Of interest here, superfluids are absolutely ideal for studying systems far from equilibrium and also host an abundance of emergent phenomena. Coherent condensates (or at least those to which we have experimental access) are fragile objects only existing at very low temperatures. Almost uniquely that means that we can study them over the whole range of conditions from the virtually zero-entropy zero-temperature quiescent state all the way through to the regime where we have the complete destruction of the coherence. Producing and studying the simplest forms of states far from equilibrium is essential for creating falsifiable theories and reliable numerical models. By understanding the simplest states we can progress to the understanding of more complex phenomena, adjusting the theoretical models with the firm knowledge that they do work in simpler situations. That said, in this application I propose several experiments which take our model condensate, superfluid 3He, to the limit. The main interest here is that although perceived wisdom suggests that the destruction of coherence is pretty well understood, in reality that is very far from the truth. It is "common knowledge" that when we move a scatterer through a superfluid, then at some critical velocity the superfluidity should catastrophically break down and return the system to the normal state. Recently, we have shown at Lancaster that this does not happen in superfluid 3He up to velocities well in excess of the accepted Landau value. This was quite unexpected. In the proposed experimental programme I will aim to find the reason for the existence of supercritical supercurrents which flow around the scatterer and also find the domain of their stability. To this end I will utilise a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance to probe the condensate's wave function with a device capable of uniform motion through the condensate - a recently pioneered addition to the arsenal of the superfluid research techniques.Using for the first time the powerful combination of nuclear magnetic resonance with steady superflow in 3He at ultralow temperatures will also enable us to investigate several emergent phenomena. For example, the superfluid 3He system is an ideal medium for the study of quantum critical phase transitions between different superfluid phases which can be accessed by changing the pressure of the superfluid near the absolute zero of temperature.
该奖学金提案回应了EPSRC的号召,即在远离平衡的系统物理学和紧急现象物理学领域解决突出的重大挑战。我的愿景是通过研究一个众所周知的系统中的非平衡现象,并建立一个理论框架-超流体3He来应对这些挑战。相干凝聚体(或超流体)是我们所拥有的最简单的“复杂”系统,因为凝聚体仅由一个描述整个宏观系综的全局波函数控制。这种简单性使它们成为研究和测试各种想法的理想场所,这些想法涵盖了从亚核到宇宙学等一系列表面上不相关的物理系统。这里有趣的是,超流体对于研究远离平衡状态的系统是绝对理想的,同时也承载了大量的紧急现象。相干凝聚体(或者至少是那些我们有实验途径的凝聚体)是只存在于极低温度下的脆弱物体。这就意味着我们可以在所有的条件下研究它们从零熵零温度的静止状态一直到相干完全被破坏的状态。产生和研究远离平衡状态的最简单形式对于创建可证伪的理论和可靠的数值模型至关重要。通过理解最简单的状态,我们可以进一步理解更复杂的现象,调整理论模型,确信它们在更简单的情况下也能起作用。也就是说,在这个应用程序中,我提出了几个实验,这些实验将我们的模型冷凝物,超流体3He,发挥到极限。这里的主要兴趣在于,尽管人们所感知到的智慧表明,连贯性的破坏是很容易理解的,但实际上,这与事实相去甚远。这是“常识”,当我们移动一个散射体通过一个超流体,然后在某个临界速度下,超流体应该灾难性地崩溃,并使系统恢复到正常状态。最近,我们在兰开斯特的研究表明,在超流体3He中,这种情况不会发生,直到速度远远超过公认的朗道值。这是完全出乎意料的。在提出的实验方案中,我的目标是找到围绕散射体流动的超临界超流存在的原因,并找到它们的稳定域。为此,我将利用核磁共振的结合来探测凝析液的波函数,并使用一个能够均匀运动的装置通过凝析液——这是超流体研究技术库中最近首创的一项新技术。首次使用核磁共振与超低温下3He中的稳定超流的强大组合,也将使我们能够研究一些紧急现象。例如,超流体3He系统是研究不同超流体相之间的量子临界相变的理想介质,这种相变可以通过改变超流体在温度绝对零度附近的压力来获得。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Transport of bound quasiparticle states in a two-dimensional boundary superfluid.
- DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-42520-y
- 发表时间:2023-11-02
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:16.6
- 作者:Autti, Samuli;Haley, Richard P;Jennings, Asher;Pickett, George R;Poole, Malcolm;Schanen, Roch;Soldatov, Arkady A;Tsepelin, Viktor;Vonka, Jakub;Zavjalov, Vladislav V;Zmeev, Dmitry E
- 通讯作者:Zmeev, Dmitry E
Vortex-mediated relaxation of magnon BEC into light Higgs quasiparticles
- DOI:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.l032002
- 发表时间:2021-07-02
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.2
- 作者:Autti, S.;Heikkinen, P. J.;Eltsov, V. B.
- 通讯作者:Eltsov, V. B.
Progress on Levitating a Sphere in Cryogenic Fluids
- DOI:10.1007/s10909-022-02925-3
- 发表时间:2023-02-04
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2
- 作者:Arrayas,M.;Bettsworth,F.;Zmeev,D. E.
- 通讯作者:Zmeev,D. E.
Operating Nanobeams in a Quantum Fluid.
- DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-04842-y
- 发表时间:2017-07-07
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.6
- 作者:Bradley DI;George R;Guénault AM;Haley RP;Kafanov S;Noble MT;Pashkin YA;Pickett GR;Poole M;Prance JR;Sarsby M;Schanen R;Tsepelin V;Wilcox T;Zmeev DE
- 通讯作者:Zmeev DE
Fundamental dissipation due to bound fermions in the zero-temperature limit.
- DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-18499-1
- 发表时间:2020-09-21
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:16.6
- 作者:Autti S;Ahlstrom SL;Haley RP;Jennings A;Pickett GR;Poole M;Schanen R;Soldatov AA;Tsepelin V;Vonka J;Wilcox T;Woods AJ;Zmeev DE
- 通讯作者:Zmeev DE
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