AutoTrust: Designing a Human-Centered Trusted, Secure, Intelligent and Usable Internet of Vehicles

车辆越来越多地相互连接（车对车），与底层道路和服务基础设施（车对基础设施）连接，特别是通过智能设备（车对设备）与使用它们的人连接。这种新兴的车联网（IoV）为改变我们的交通系统提供了巨大的机会。实时交通数据可以提高交通流量的效率，越来越多的自动驾驶汽车保证了更高的安全性，无缝组织多模式旅行的应用程序可以实现更环保的交通方式，包括汽车共享或拼车计划。车联网可以看作是数字经济的一个缩影。然而，IoV的一个经常被忽视的关键因素是公民，这应该是系统的核心，也是其发展的主要动力。在这种方法中，物联网的重点是满足个人与家庭、同事和服务机构等一系列实体进行面对面连接的需求，在这些实体中，必须及时克服物理距离以实现这些连接。与网络经济一样，车联网的基础也是建立在个人数据之上的。互联网上的数据共享主要被用作一种货币，因为它可以被货币取代。然而，在车联网中，个人数据对整个系统的效率至关重要：使用个人旅行计划可以改善交通流量；在车辆上存储相关的医疗记录可以在事故发生时提供更好的现场支持，并且了解驾驶员的兴趣和日常习惯可以提供相关的上下文信息。虽然这有望提高安全性、减少碳排放和提高出行效率，但对个人数据的依赖也可能是车联网的致命弱点。大规模的数据共享不断被证明容易受到大规模身份盗窃（例如索尼的用户数据库被黑客入侵）和基础设施威胁（震网蠕虫）的攻击。此外，连接的设备本身可能容易被重新利用（例如Mirai DNS拒绝服务攻击）。设计一款以人为本、高效高效的车联网所面临的挑战是复杂的、多学科的。我们的团队汇集了智能自动化和服务、安全和安保以及人机交互研究领域最优秀的跨领域专家团队。我们的方法是利用这个平台来培养英国未来的车联网思想领袖，让他们领导快速、敏捷和响应迅速的试点项目，这些项目是与我们的社会科学、法律和工业合作伙伴共同创建的，他们致力于与我们合作，从共同创造、共同设计到技术和政策翻译。特别是，平台方法使我们具有必要的灵活性，通过我们的网络将强大的跨学科专业知识与适当的利益相关者团体联系起来，共同创造并快速原型化和试点想法，以实现我们DE社区的科学和应用价值见解。为了指导这种共同创造，我们开发了四个突破性的研究方向，这对构建以人为中心的物联网至关重要：服务、交互、自动化和安全。例如，开放的研究挑战包括：安全运行服务/基础设施所需的最少个人数据量是多少？这种平衡是否能够动态响应检测到的风险情况？在需要个人数据的情况下，提高数据使用的透明度如何有助于激励公民参与？如何设计代理和交互，以智能地协助公民和服务协商数据使用协议，使人们不会觉得需要伪造系统来保护他们的隐私？通过使用该平台支持跨学科研究领导，共同创造和交付新颖的、以人为本的车联网方法，英国将引领车联网设计，为所有人提供更好的生活质量。

Vehicles are increasingly connected, to each other (vehicle-to-vehicle), to the underlying road and service infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure) and, especially, connected to the people who use them, often via smart devices (vehicle-to-device). This emerging Internet of Vehicles (IoV) offers tremendous opportunities in transforming our transportation system. Real-time data about traffic allows more efficient traffic flows, increasingly autonomous vehicles promise greater safety and apps that seamlessly organise multi-modal journeys enable greener approaches to transportation, including car sharing or ride sharing schemes.The IoV can be seen as a microcosm for the Digital Economy. However, a key element of the IoV, often overlooked, is the citizen that should be central to the system and the prime motivator for its development. In such an approach, the IoV is focused around the needs of the individual to connect, in person, with a range of entities from families to colleagues to services, where physical distances must be overcome in timely ways to enable these connections. The foundation of the IoV is also, like the web economy more generally, founded on personal data. Data sharing on the Internet is used mainly as a currency in the sense that it could be replaced with money. Within the IoV, however, personal data is far more mission critical to the efficacy of the entire system: using personal travel plans enables improved traffic flows; storing relevant medical records on a vehicle allows better on-scene support during accidents, and learning a driver's interests and routines creates the opportunity for giving relevant contextual information. While this promises better safety, reduced carbon and increased travel efficiency, the IoV's reliance on personal data is also potentially its Achilles' heel. Large-scale sharing of data is constantly shown to be vulnerable to massive identity thefts (eg Sony's user database being hacked) & infrastructure threats (Stuxnet worm). Furthermore, connected devices themselves can be vulnerable to repurposing (eg Mirai DNS Denial of Service attack).The challenges to design an IoV that is human-centered and as effective and efficient as imagined are complex and multidisciplinary. Our team brings together the best, cross-cutting group of experts in intelligent automation and services, safety and security and human computer interaction research. Our approach is to use the platform to develop the UK's IoV thought leaders of the future by having them lead rapid, agile and responsive pilot projects that are co-created with our social science, legal and industrial partners who are committed to work with us from co-creation through co-design to technical and policy translation. In particular, the Platform approach allows us the flexibility necessary to connect this robust interdisciplinary expertise through our network to appropriate stakeholder groups to co-create and rapidly prototype and pilot ideas both for scientific and applied insights of value across our DE communities. To guide this co-creation, we have developed four x-cutting research strands, vital to framing a human-in-the-center IoV: services, interaction, automation and security. For example, open research challenges include: what is the least amount of personal data required to run a service/infrastructure safely? Can this balance be dynamically responsive to detected risk situations? How can greater transparency of data-use help incentivise citizen participation where personal data is required? How to design agents and interactions to intelligently assist both citizen and service to negotiate data use agreements so people will not feel the need to fake the system to protect their privacy? By using this platform to support interdisciplinary research leadership towards co-creation and delivery of novel, human-centered approaches to the IoV, the UK will lead IoV design to support better quality of life for all.