Commensurability of scientific and indigneous ecological knowledge in coastal Melanesia: implications for contempory marine resource management strategies: WORKING PAPER

美拉尼西亚沿海科学和非自然生态知识的可通约性：对当代海洋资源管理战略的影响：工作文件

• 批准号: global : 9a6d27d0-3fce-11dc-b6a8-00188b4c0af8
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 0100-11-30 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/commensurability-scientific-indigneous-working-paper/680247
• 关键词: Commensurability; scientific; indigneous; ecological; knowledge

This record describes, and links to a working paper produced through the Resource Management in Asia-Pacific (RMAP) Program based at The Australian National University in Canberra.<br /> *****<br /> Fundamental ontological differences between scientific and indigenous ecological knowledge systems in coastal Melanesia have resulted in very different conclusions being drawn from similar sets of observations. The same inductive logic may lead both scientists and non-science-trained fishers to conclude that, say, square-tail trout aggregate at a certain phase of the moon in a certain reef passage, but different assumptions derived from disparate ontologies (in this case 'traditional' Melanesian versus scientific) may lead to very different conclusions about why the fish are there. In some cases these differences have significant implications for the way marine resources are exploited, and managed (or not). Examples are presented here of non-scientific ontologies that underpin local beliefs about the biology or ecology of fished organisms that have led to poor management of stocks of these species. The potential for scientific education to 'fill gaps' in indigenous knowledge systems (and vice versa) and thus lead to improved management is discussed in the light of some claims that scientific and traditional knowledge systems are incommensurable. The heuristic value of the purported absence of a (Cartesian) dualistic separation of nature and culture in traditional Melanesian cosmologies (relative to those of industrialised Western cultures) is explored with regard to indigenous conceptions of human agency over resource abundance, and the relevance this has for management and conservation. I also speculate about recent transformations of rural Melanesian ontological frameworks through Western/scientific influences, and the associated differences in knowledge systems between young and old members of society, again with respect to the implications these have for the work of proponents of resource management and biodiversity conservation in the region.

本记录描述了通过堪培拉澳大利亚国立大学的亚太资源管理(RMAP)项目编写的一份工作论文，并提供了链接。<br/> *<br/> 美拉尼西亚沿海地区的科学和土著生态知识系统之间的基本本体论差异导致从类似的观察中得出了截然不同的结论。同样的归纳逻辑可能会导致科学家和没有接受过科学训练的渔民得出结论，比如方尾鲑鱼在月球的某个阶段在某个珊瑚礁通道聚集，但来自不同本体论的不同假设(在这种情况下是传统的美拉尼西亚人与科学的美拉尼西亚人)可能会导致关于鱼为什么会出现在那里的截然不同的结论。在某些情况下，这些差异对开发和管理(或不开发)海洋资源的方式有重大影响。这里提供了一些非科学本体论的例子，这些本体论支持了当地对鱼类生物体生物学或生态学的信念，这些信念导致了对这些物种种群的糟糕管理。鉴于一些人声称科学知识体系和传统知识体系是不可通约的，讨论了科学教育“填补本土知识体系中的空白”(反之亦然)，从而改善管理的潜力。在传统的美拉尼西亚宇宙观(相对于工业化的西方文化)中，声称没有(笛卡尔的)自然和文化的二元分离的启发式价值被探索，涉及到人类对资源丰富的代理的本土概念，以及这与管理和保护的相关性。我还推测，由于西方/科学的影响，美拉尼西亚农村本体论框架最近发生了变化，以及社会中年轻成员和老年成员之间知识体系的相关差异，这同样涉及到这些对该地区资源管理和生物多样性保护倡导者的工作的影响。