Low-cost modular solar power system using Total Internal Photonic Absorption (TIPA)

采用全内光子吸收 (TIPA) 的低成本模块化太阳能系统

• 批准号: EP/T00584X/1
• 负责人: Hassan Shirvani
• 金额: $ 12.67万
• 依托单位: Anglia Ruskin University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT00584X%2F1
• 关键词: Low; cost; modular; solar; power

The UK has 90,000MW of electricity generation capacity compared to 4,000MW in Nigeria, 20 times more despite the UK having less than half the population [1]. Nigeria's national grid generates 4,500MW, peak electricity demand has risen to 14,882MW. Furthermore, only 54.3% of Nigeria's population is connected to the energy grid, whilst those connected to the grid experience power supply difficulties 60% of the time [2]. Ghana, despite having enough electricity to afford exporting to other countries, is also in an energy crisis due to unpredictable power supply to homes and industry [3].The power supply issues experienced in these and other sub-Saharan countries exerts a significant brake on economic growth. According to the World Bank, electricity poses the second most important constraint to business activities in Ghana [4]. Renewable energies, in particular solar and hydro power, provide an extremely viable option to resolving power crises. But, despite the global growth in the solar energy market - solar can be considered on par for cost-per-kW with most other energy sources [5] - African countries continue to lag. While Africa has the best solar resource in the world, it contains less than 1% (1.92GW) of global installed solar capacity. Many African countries fail to recognise the viability of solar-power. For example, Kenya's energy regulatory body, in its "Kenya-Least-Cost-Power-Development-Plan", makes no provision for the generation of electricity. As a result, it is extremely difficult for large-scale solar projects to gain investments.At the small-scale end of the market, adoption of solar-home-systems (SHSs) is restricted due to limited access to finance, awareness and access to technical support services. Although PV solar is now more attractive than ever before, its remains expensive for low income countries. While solar is cheap to run in the long-term, unfortunately, it's the set-up costs that hold back many African states from getting involved [6]. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are built from relatively expensive silicon based materials and shipping from overseas manufacturing, raises the costs even further.Furthermore, PV solar panels have a modest panel efficiency of 22%, but must be installed at a particular angle of incidence to sunlight in order to achieve 22%, and require a relatively large surface area. These characteristics make it more difficult for practical installation in local markets, where specialist solar skills may be in short supply and limited outdoor space (e.g. roof) could be a problem, since domestic dwelling buildings tend to be smaller.To address the aforementioned issues of high-cost, limited space and lack of skilled technical personnel, we will develop and bring to market TIPA - a low-cost modular solar power system based on Total Internal Photonic Absorption technology.REFERENCES[1] www.edfenergy.com/future-energy/uk-energy[2] Aliyu, 2013: Nigeria-electricity-crisis: Power-generation-capacity-expansion-&-enviro-ramifications. [3] Adjapong, 2018: Dumsor: Energy-Crisis-In-Ghana,Stanford-University[4] World-Bank, June-2013: Energizing-Economic-Growth-in-Ghana [5] Clifford, 2016, Forbes: Watch-out, coal! Dubai-announces-plans-for-world's-lowest-cost-solar-plant[6] Labordena, 2018: Sunny-days-and-solar-ways:How-Africa-must-and-should-plug-its-electricity-gap

英国的发电能力为9万兆瓦，而尼日利亚的发电能力为4000兆瓦，是尼日利亚的20倍，尽管英国的人口不到一半[1]。尼日利亚国家电网发电量为4,500兆瓦，峰值电力需求已升至14,882兆瓦。此外，尼日利亚只有54.3%的人口接入了能源电网，而那些接入电网的人有60%的时间遇到了电力供应困难[2]。加纳虽然有足够的电力向其他国家出口，但由于家庭和工业的电力供应不可预测[3]，加纳也处于能源危机之中。这些国家和其他撒哈拉以南国家经历的电力供应问题严重阻碍了经济增长。据世界银行称，电力是加纳商业活动的第二大制约因素[4]。可再生能源，特别是太阳能和水力发电，为解决电力危机提供了一个极其可行的选择。但是，尽管太阳能市场的全球增长--太阳能的每千瓦成本可以被认为与大多数其他能源不相上下[5]--非洲国家仍然落后。虽然非洲拥有世界上最好的太阳能资源，但它的太阳能装机容量不到全球装机容量的1%(1.92GW)。许多非洲国家没有认识到太阳能发电的可行性。例如，肯尼亚的能源管理机构在其“肯尼亚最低成本电力发展计划”中没有规定发电。因此，大型太阳能项目很难获得投资。在市场的小规模端，太阳能家用系统(SHSS)的采用受到限制，因为获得资金、认识和获得技术支持服务的机会有限。尽管光伏太阳能现在比以往任何时候都更具吸引力，但对低收入国家来说，它仍然很昂贵。不幸的是，虽然从长远来看，运行太阳能的成本很低，但正是启动成本阻碍了许多非洲国家参与进来[6]。光伏(PV)电池板是用相对昂贵的硅基材料建造的，并从海外制造发货，这进一步增加了成本。此外，光伏太阳能电池板的电池板效率一般为22%，但必须安装在特定的入射角才能达到22%，并且需要相对较大的表面积。这些特点增加了太阳能专业技能在当地市场实际安装的难度，由于国内住宅建筑往往较小，专业太阳能技能可能短缺，室外空间(如屋顶)有限可能是一个问题。为了解决上述高成本、有限空间和缺乏熟练技术人员的问题，我们将开发并将TIPA-一种基于完全内部光子吸收技术的低成本模块化太阳能发电系统推向市场。参考文献[1]www.edfenergy.com/Future-Energy/UK-Energy[2]Aliyu，2013年：尼日利亚-电力-危机：Power-generation-capacity-expansion-&-enviro-ramifications.[3]阿达彭，2018年：哑巴：加纳能源危机，斯坦福大学[4]世界银行，2013年6月至2013年6月：加纳经济增长活力[5]Clifford，2016，福布斯：当心，煤炭！Dubai-announces-plans-for-world‘s-lowest-cost-solar-plant[6]Labordena，2018：Sunny-days-and-solar-ways:How-Africa-must-and-should-plug-its-electricity-gap