Advanced hybrid thermochemical-compression seasonal solar energy storage and heat pump system (Solar S&HP)

先进的混合热化学压缩季节性太阳能存储和热泵系统（Solar S

• 批准号: EP/T023090/1
• 负责人: Zhiwei Ma
• 金额: $ 129.2万
• 依托单位: Durham University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FT023090%2F1
• 关键词: Advanced; hybrid; thermochemical; compression; seasonal

Solar energy can provide both electricity and heat without greenhouse gas emissions. The amount of solar radiation incident on the roof of a typical UK home still exceeds its heating demand over the year. However, there is only 1% of renewable heat from solar currently exploited in the UK. The paramount reason for that is the seasonal mismatch between heating demand and solar thermal energy availability and the lack of extensive deployment of thermal energy storage in the UK. Secondly, because of relatively weak solar radiation being far away from equator leads to relatively low temperature heat using the existing solar thermal collectors, particularly during periods outside summer. In this case, it is imperative to develop a seasonal solar energy storage that can effectively store abundant but relatively low temperature solar heat in summer and utilise this at the desired temperature for space and hot water heating in winter, so that 100% solar fraction can be used for space and hot water 'zero-carbon' heating. Thermochemical sorption energy storage technology offers higher energy density with minimum loss due to the temperature-independent means of storage, storing energy as chemical potential. However, its desorption temperature (i.e. temperature of the energy charging process) is relatively high, which makes it problematic to recover solar energy in high-latitude regions like the UK when using the most mature and economic solar thermal collector technology (flat-plate or evacuated tube type). Therefore, an advanced hybrid thermochemical sorption and vapour compression processes is proposed in this project, the integration of the electric-driven compressor, using a small amount of electricity input, enables a large amount of low or ultra-low temperature solar heat (<50 degC) to be efficiently used for thermochemical desorption, leading to enhance the efficiency, capability and flexibility of solar energy storage and heat pumping (Solar S&HP). Since such a hybrid system utilises thermal energy and electric energy simultaneously, it is a win-win solution when it couples with a solar hybrid thermal-photovoltaic (T-PV) collector. The solar T/PV collector supplies the hybrid storage system with solar heat and electricity, whilst the timely extraction of solar heat from the hybrid solar T-PV collector also allows the PV cell to operate at a lower temperature to increase its electrical conversion efficiency, leading to substantially improved overall solar energy conversion efficiency. Some other detailed advantages of the proposed system are, (1) the quality (thermal only) and quantity of different energy inputs (both thermal and electrical) can be adjusted to complement each other whilst storing energy so as to cope with highly variable weather conditions whilst maximising solar energy conversion. Even if solar electricity is not available, electricity from the grid in summer can be used, which has a ~15% lower carbon intensity than in winter. (2) The hybrid thermochemical cycle has a lower desorption temperature which reduces sensible heat loss from the solid sorbent and metallic reactor during the energy storage process which further increases the overall energy efficiency of storage system. (3) During thermal discharging in winter: (a) primary energy consumption for heating can be eliminated, and (b) the collective effect of thermal-driven and electric-driven heat pump processes can be used in extremely cold weather conditions. The whole SSTES system can provide heating at near zero carbon intensity, its carbon emission is approximately 92% and 85% lower comparing to gas boiler and electric heat pump technology, as revealed by the preliminary calculation results.

太阳能既可以提供电力又可以提供热量，而且不会排放温室气体。一个典型的英国家庭屋顶上的太阳辐射量仍然超过了全年的供暖需求。然而，目前英国只有1%的太阳能可再生热量被利用。最重要的原因是供暖需求和太阳能热能供应之间的季节性不匹配，以及英国缺乏广泛的热能储存部署。其次，由于远离赤道的太阳辐射相对较弱，使用现有的太阳能集热器导致相对低温的热量，特别是在夏季以外的时期。在这种情况下，必须开发一种季节性太阳能存储器，其可以在夏季有效地存储丰富但相对低温的太阳能热量，并在冬季以所需的温度将其用于空间和热水加热，以便100%的太阳能部分可以用于空间和热水“零碳”加热。热化学吸附储能技术提供了更高的能量密度，由于温度无关的存储方式，将能量存储为化学势，损失最小。然而，其解吸温度（即能量充电过程的温度）相对较高，这使得在使用最成熟和经济的太阳能集热器技术（平板或真空管型）时，在像英国这样的高纬度地区回收太阳能存在问题。因此，本项目提出了一种先进的热化学吸附和蒸汽压缩混合工艺，该工艺集成了电动压缩机，使用少量的电力输入，能够实现大量的低温或超低温太阳能热（<50 ℃）有效地用于热化学解吸，从而提高效率，太阳能存储和热泵（Solar S&HP）的能力和灵活性。由于这种混合系统同时利用热能和电能，因此当它与太阳能混合热光伏（T-PV）集热器耦合时，它是一个双赢的解决方案。太阳能T/PV收集器为混合存储系统提供太阳能热和电，同时从混合太阳能T-PV收集器及时提取太阳能热还允许PV电池在较低温度下操作以增加其电转换效率，从而导致显著提高的总太阳能转换效率。所提出的系统的一些其他详细优点是，（1）不同能量输入（热和电两者）的质量（仅热）和数量可以被调节以在存储能量的同时彼此补充，以便科普高度变化的天气条件，同时最大化太阳能转换。即使没有太阳能发电，也可以使用夏季电网的电力，其碳强度比冬季低约15%。(2)混合热化学循环具有较低的解吸温度，这减少了在能量存储过程期间来自固体吸附剂和金属反应器的显热损失，这进一步提高了存储系统的总体能量效率。(3)在冬季排热期间：（a）可以消除用于加热的一次能源消耗，（B）在极冷天气条件下可以使用热驱动和电驱动热泵过程的集体效应。初步计算结果表明，整个系统可以在接近零的碳强度下供热，其碳排放量比燃气锅炉和电热泵技术分别降低约92%和85%。

项目成果

Thermochemical energy storage for cabin heating in battery powered electric vehicles

• DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117325
• 发表时间: 2023-09
• 期刊: Energy Conversion and Management
• 影响因子: 10.4
• 作者: M. Wilks;Chenjue Wang;J. Ling-Chin;Xiaolin Wang;Huashan Bao

Compressor-assisted thermochemical sorption integrated with solar photovoltaic-thermal collector for seasonal solar thermal energy storage

压缩机辅助热化学吸附与太阳能光伏集热器集成用于季节性太阳能热能存储

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2022.100248
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: X
• 作者: Thinsurat K

Experimentally Validated Modelling of an Oscillating Diaphragm Compressor for Chemisorption Energy Technology Applications

用于化学吸附能源技术应用的振动隔膜压缩机的经过实验验证的建模

• DOI: 10.3390/en16010489
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Energies
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Najjaran A

Demonstration system of pumped heat energy storage (PHES) and its round-trip efficiency

抽水蓄能（PHES）示范系统及其往返效率

• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120580
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Applied Energy
• 影响因子: 11.2
• 作者: Ameen M

Operation and performance of Brayton Pumped Thermal Energy Storage with additional latent storage

具有附加潜热存储的布雷顿泵浦热能存储的运行和性能

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Applied Energy
• 影响因子: 11.2
• 作者: Max Albert