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Novel Low-Temperature Plasma-Catalyst Control of Dioxin & Furan Emissions from Waste Incinerators

二恶英的新型低温等离子体催化剂控制

基本信息

批准号：
EP/V036696/1
负责人：
Paul Williams
金额：
$ 97.27万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV036696%2F1
关键词：
Novel Low Temperature Plasma Catalyst

项目摘要

More than 10 million tonnes of UK waste is incinerated in energy from waste plants each year, making a considerable contribution to UK energy demand. The emissions from waste incinerators are regulated by the Environment Agency through the Environmental Permitting Regulations which sets stringent emission limit values for a wide range of pollutants, including, particulate, VOCs, CO, HCl, HF, SO2, NOx, heavy metals and dioxins/furans. The emissions control system for waste incinerators represents a major proportion of the capital and operational costs. The emissions of dioxins and furans from waste incinerators into the atmosphere are of considerable public, political and scientific concern. The issue around dioxins/furans is associated with their high toxicity, significant health hazard and resistance to degradation in the environment. Dioxins/furans cause damage to the human immune, nervous and reproductive systems and are also suspected carcinogens. There is consequently concern over the negative effects on human health and the environment of long-term exposure to even very small amounts of dioxins/furans. Impending legislation under the EC Industrial Emissions Directive that will be transposed into UK Law via the Environmental Permitting Regulations has set mandatory stringent new Daily Emission Limit values for waste incinerators. Dioxin/furan emission limits are to reduced from 0.1 ng m-3 to 0.01 ng m-3 for most incinerator installations. The current most common method for control of dioxin/furan emissions uses added activated carbon reagent for the adsorption of the dioxins/furans from the flue gas followed by capture using fabric filter bags. The use of activated carbon is a high cost method and merely transfers the dioxins/furans to the flue gas control residue and subsequent disposal to high cost hazardous waste landfill. The aim of this research proposal is to develop a novel, low cost, low temperature (~150 C), non-thermal plasma-catalyst process to decompose dioxins/furans under flue duct conditions simulating those of typical waste incineration flue gases. A complementary study using model chlorinated aromatic model compounds will aid a mechanistic interpretation of the decomposition of dioxins/furans under non-thermal plasma-catalysis conditions, aiding the development of the dioxin/furan control system.

英国每年有超过1000万吨的垃圾被焚烧，为英国的能源需求做出了巨大贡献。废物焚化炉的排放物由环境署通过《环境许可条例》加以管制，该条例对各种污染物，包括颗粒物、挥发性有机化合物、一氧化碳、盐酸、氢氟酸、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、重金属和二恶英/呋喃，规定了严格的排放限值。废物焚化炉的排放控制系统占资本和运营成本的主要部分。废物焚化炉向大气中排放的二恶英和呋喃引起了公众、政治和科学界的极大关注。二恶英/呋喃的问题与其高毒性、严重的健康危害和在环境中不易降解有关。二恶英/呋喃对人体免疫、神经和生殖系统造成损害，也被怀疑是致癌物质。因此，人们担心长期接触即使是极少量的二恶英/呋喃也会对人类健康和环境产生负面影响。欧盟委员会工业排放指令下即将出台的立法将通过环境许可法规转化为英国法律，该立法为垃圾焚烧炉设定了强制性的严格新每日排放限值。大多数焚化炉装置的二恶英/呋喃排放限值将从0.1 ng m-3降至0.01 ng m-3。目前最常用的控制二恶英/呋喃排放的方法是加入活性炭试剂，以吸附烟道气体中的二恶英/呋喃，然后用纤维滤袋捕集。活性炭的使用是一种高成本的方法，并且仅仅将二恶英/呋喃转移到烟气控制残留物中，随后处置到高成本的危险废物填埋场。本研究的目的是开发一种新的，低成本，低温（~150 C），非热等离子体催化剂的过程中分解二恶英/呋喃的烟道条件下模拟那些典型的垃圾焚烧烟气。使用模型氯化芳香族模型化合物的补充研究将有助于对非热等离子体催化条件下二恶英/呋喃分解的机理解释，从而有助于二恶英/呋喃控制系统的开发。