Chiral Gauge Theories: From Strong Coupling to the Standard Model

手性规范理论：从强耦合到标准模型

• 批准号: EP/V047655/1
• 负责人: David Tong
• 金额: $ 24.81万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV047655%2F1
• 关键词: Chiral; Gauge; Theories; Strong; Coupling

In the movie The Matrix, the character Neo comes to learn that the world around him is nothing more than a simulation in some extraordinarily powerful computer, say a Playstation 137.Remarkably, there is a mathematical theorem that says this cannot be the case in our world. The Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem, proven in the 1980s, says that it is not, in principle, possible to simulate the known laws of physics on a computer. Certainly we don't know how to do it. Taken at face value, the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem says that no one else could do it either.However, no-go theorems in physics are only as good as their assumptions. In part, the purpose of this project is to explore the possible loopholes in the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem and find a way to simulate the laws of physics on a computer. More broadly, the purpose of the project is to study some of the most subtle and interesting aspects of the world we live in. These subtle aspects were discovered almost 75 years ago by the great experimenter Chien-Shiung Wu. She showed that, at the fundamental level, the laws of physics we observe look different when reflected in a mirror. Of course, in every day life it is often straightforward to tell if you're looking at an original image or at its reflection. Writing becomes illegible, familiar faces look disconcertingly peculiar. But it is surprising that this continues to hold at the level of subatomic particles. Even at the smallest level, if you stare at a subatomic reaction closely enough, you can tell if you're looking at the original or looking at the reflection. With 75 years of hindsight, it is clear that this innocuous sounding result is one of the deepest facts we know about Nature. Theories of physics that look different when reflected in the mirror are said to be "chiral" and have many subtle and surprising properties, connected to ideas of topology and geometry in mathematics. Prominent among these surprising properties is the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem which states that there is no way to simulate chiral quantum theories on a computer. They are too subtle, too hard. Any computer will simply refuse to compute.This project will explore the properties of chiral quantum theories. The Standard Model of particle physics that describe fundamental particles is, by far, the most interesting of these, but it often pays to look at the big picture and try to learn about all chiral theories. The goal is to shed light on this mysterious phenomenon of chirality and, in doing so, better understand the universe we live in. The ultimate, ambitious, goal is to see if perhaps it is possible to evade the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem and simulate the laws of physics on a computer. The project will not address the question of whether we live in the Matrix. That is best left to armchair philosophers who have watched too many 90s movies.

在电影《黑客帝国》中，角色尼奥逐渐了解到，他周围的世界只不过是一台功能异常强大的计算机（比如Playstation 137）中的模拟。在20世纪80年代被证明的Nielsen-Ninomiya定理说，在原则上，在计算机上模拟已知的物理定律是不可能的。当然，我们不知道如何做到这一点。从表面上看，尼尔森-二宫定理说，没有其他人可以做到这一点。然而，物理学中的“不去定理”只和它们的假设一样好。在某种程度上，这个项目的目的是探索尼尔森-二宫定理中可能存在的漏洞，并找到一种在计算机上模拟物理定律的方法。更广泛地说，该项目的目的是研究我们生活的世界中一些最微妙和最有趣的方面。这些微妙的方面是大约75年前由伟大的实验家吴健雄发现的。她表明，在基本层面上，我们观察到的物理定律在镜子中反射时看起来不同。当然，在日常生活中，通常很容易分辨出你是在看原始图像还是它的反射。字迹变得难以辨认，熟悉的面孔看起来令人不安的奇特。但令人惊讶的是，这仍然保持在亚原子粒子的水平。即使在最小的层面上，如果你足够近地盯着亚原子反应，你可以分辨出你是在看原始反应还是在看反射。75年的后见之明，很明显，这个无害的声音结果是我们对自然界了解最深的事实之一。在镜子中反射时看起来不同的物理学理论被认为是“手性”的，并且具有许多微妙和令人惊讶的特性，与数学中的拓扑学和几何学思想有关。在这些令人惊讶的性质中，最突出的是尼尔森-二宫定理，该定理表明没有办法在计算机上模拟手征量子理论。它们太微妙，太难了。任何计算机都会拒绝计算。这个项目将探索手征量子理论的性质。到目前为止，描述基本粒子的粒子物理学标准模型是其中最有趣的，但它通常需要从大局出发，并试图了解所有的手征理论。我们的目标是揭示这种神秘的手性现象，并通过这样做，更好地了解我们生活的宇宙。最终，雄心勃勃的目标是看看是否有可能避开尼尔森-二宫定理，并在计算机上模拟物理定律。这个项目不会解决我们是否生活在矩阵中的问题。这最好留给那些看了太多90年代电影的扶手椅哲学家。

项目成果

On anomalies and gauging of U(1) non-invertible symmetries in 4d QED

• DOI: 10.21468/scipostphys.15.1.002
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: SciPost Physics
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: A. Karasik

Chiral gauge dynamics: candidates for non-supersymmetric dualities

手性规范动力学：非超对称对偶性的候选者

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep11(2022)122
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Karasik A

A gauge theory for shallow water

• DOI: 10.21468/scipostphys.14.5.102
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: SciPost Physics
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: D. Tong

From Skyrmions to One Flavored Baryons and Beyond

从斯格明子到同味重子及其他

• DOI: 10.3390/sym14112347
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Symmetry
• 作者: Karasik A

On discrete anomalies in chiral gauge theories

手征规范理论中的离散反常

• DOI: 10.1007/jhep01(2022)112
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of High Energy Physics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Smith P